CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

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CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

• Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
• Institutional Biosafety Program
• Philip G. Hauck, M.S., MSHS, CIH,CPEA
• 3 / 2005

2
Introduction

• This presentation gives an over view of the main
  points found in OSHA and US EPA regulations
  covering health and safety in laboratories
• It is not all- inclusive or comprehensive
• Resources, additional materials are available at
• www.mssm.edu/health_safety
• http//www.mssm.edu/health_safety/pdf/chemical_hyg
  iene_parti.pdf
• http//www.mssm.edu/health_safety/pdf/chemical_hyg
  iene_partii.pdf

3
Material Safety Data Sheets

• Collect and keep available in your laboratory at
  all times-it is required by OSHA and the US EPA!!
• Refer to sheets often, especially for hazardous
  and toxic materials you handle in the
  laboratory.
• Copy and attach to Standard Operating Procedures.

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Material Safety Data Sheets

• Must be provided by Vendor/Distributor as
  required by OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1910.1200 and
  .1450
• http//www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardcommunications
  /index.html
• Must contain,CHEMICAL IDENTITY, HAZARD, HEALTH
  EFFECTS, TOXICITY information.
• Labels on containers must be printed with
  manufacturer/ vendor/ distributor address and lot
  numbers. No photocopies or hand-written labels.

5
Sources Of Information

• MSDSs supplied by Chemical Distributor
• Labels (NFPA and DOT hazard symbols)
• Toxicology Texts in MSSM Library
• RTECs Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
  Substances - NIOSH Phonebook of toxics
• Internet WEB sites
• Computer soft-ware
• Chemical Vendor catalogs

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Sources of Information

• Merck Index
• Chemical vendor/distributor hot-lines
• IARC Monographs
• NIOSH Publications on specific carcinogens
• Toxicology Journals and Publications

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Sample Hazard Reference Card

• ACRYLAMIDE
• CAS 79-06-1 OSHA PEL 0.3 mg/m3 skin
• DOT UN2074 ACGIH TLV 0.03 mg/m3 skin
• TOXIC EFFECT
• Confirmed carcinogen with experimental
  carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Poison by
  ingestion, skin contact, intravenous,
  intraperitoneal routes. Experimental
  reproductive effects. Skin and eye irritant.
  Intoxication with this agent has caused
  peripheral neuropathy, erythema and desquamation
  of palms. CAUTION READILY ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN.
• Chronic effects - onset from 1-2 years, up to 8
  years post-exposure. By dermal route, numbness,
  tingling and touch-tenderness in affected sites.
  Repeated exposures developed coldness of
  extremities, bluish-red, peeling palms marked
  fatigue and limb-weakness. CNS toxin rat-oral
  LD 50 30 mg/kg Acrylamide (14 days) resulted in
  partial paralysis .
• FIRST AID
• Move victim to fresh air and call emergency
  medical care ( CALL MSMC Security ext. 60) if
  not breathing, give artificial respiration if
  breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of
  contact with material, immediately flush site
  with running water for AT LEAST 15 minutes. Speed
  in removing material from the affected site is of
  extreme importance to minimize uptake by victim.
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and
  shoes at the exposure site. Effects may be
  delayed keep victim under observation.

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Toxicology (PDQ)

• LD50 -- Median Dose toxic to 50 of Test
  population (usually mg/kg, ug/kg etc.)
• LC50 -- Same as LD50, but usually an inhalation
  dose i.e. (quantity) /m3 or ppm
• Dose x Response Curve -- Plot of an effect or
  mortality verses a given dose of chemical
• Portal of Entry -- Many chemicals exhibit
  different toxicities or effects depending upon
  point of entry.

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Two Points To Remember

• How toxic is the compound?
• In Humans?
• In Mammals?
• Ames Test / Mutagenicity Data?
• How does it enter the body?
• Inhalation?
• Percutaneous / injection?
• Ingestion?

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Inhalation

• Uptake and distribution by bloodstream to other
  target organs
• Local toxicity to airways and lung
• Simple asphixiant (just displaces oxygen) or
• anesthetic like Carbon Dioxide
• Local irritation ( NH4OH )or deep in alveolar
  region (COCl2)
• Systemic effect on deep organs tissues

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Percutaneous Injection (Dermal)

• Dilipidation of skin (local) i.e. Chloroform
• Penetration through stratum corneum - i.e.
  dimethyl sulfoxide (acts as a vehicle)
• Accidental needlestick, cuts, other skin breaks
  entry into deep tissues, bloodstream
• Local Toxicity / effect (dermatitis, cracking of
  skin)
• Systemic Toxicity / effect (organ inflammation
  and /or necrosis)

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Ingestion

• Deliberate / inadvertent ingestion
• Splash / spray into mouth, nasal passages
• Deposition on hands -- face
• Deposition on surfaces that are handled
  fomites in biohazard control
• Hand-to-Mouth ingestion (object-to-mouth)

13
Standard Operating Procedures

• 1910.1450(e)(3)(i) Standard operating
  procedures relevant to safety and health
  considerations to be followed when laboratory
  work involves the use of hazardous chemicals

14
Standard Operating Procedures

• For chemicals with toxicity lt 500mg/kg (oral or
  inhalation) and carcinogens, ca-suspect agents,
  embryotoxic and allergenic chemicals
• WRITTEN PROTOCOL (not an outline) identifying
  all toxic chemicals and all steps to be used by
  personnel handling the agent(s) re receiving,
  manipulation, storage, and disposal

15
Standard Operating Procedures

• SPECIFY ALL MANIPULATIONS/SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR
  EACH STEP
• SPECIFY ALL STORAGE / DISOSAL PRACTICES

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Exposure Prevention Reduction

• Perform risk assessment for all chemicals in use
  in your protocols
• Substitute less toxic / less hazardous chemicals
  if at all possible

17
Exposure Prevention Reduction

• Design-out exposures using closed systems, screw
  caps, covered reservoirs, fume hoods
• Scale-down procedures (smaller quantities)
• Select appropriate personal protective equipment
  (PPE) that will protect you

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Medical Surveillance

• Employee Health Service monitoring of exposures
• Suspected poisonings / exposures / accidents go
  to Employee Health or MSMC Emergency
  Department!!
• Give Identity of Chemical -- Exposure
  Conditions -- Signs and symptoms of exposure
• Written Report MSMC Employee Medical File

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ACRYLAMIDEReference Card

• CAS 79-06-1 OSHA PEL 0.3 mg/m3 skin
• DOT UN2074 ACGIH TLV 0.03 mg/m3 skin
• TOXIC EFFECT
• Confirmed carcinogen with experimental
  carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Poison by
  ingestion, skin contact, intravenous,
  intraperitoneal routes. Experimental
  reproductive effects. Skin and eye irritant.
  Intoxication with this agent has caused
  peripheral neuropathy, erythema and desquamation
  of palms. CAUTION READILY ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN.
• Chronic effects - onset from 1-2 years, up to 8
  years post-exposure. By dermal route, numbness,
  tingling and touch-tenderness in affected sites.
  Repeated exposures developed coldness of
  extremities, bluish-red, peeling palms marked
  fatigue and limb-weakness. CNS toxin rat-oral
  LD 50 30 mg/kg Acrylamide (14 days) resulted in
  partial paralysis .
• FIRST AID
• Move victim to fresh air and call emergency
  medical care ( CALL MSMC Security ext. 60) if
  not breathing, give artificial respiration if
  breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of
  contact with material, immediately flush site
  with running water for AT LEAST 15 minutes. Speed
  in removing material from the affected site is of
  extreme importance to minimize uptake by victim.
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and
  shoes at the exposure site. Effects may be
  delayed keep victim under observation.

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Control Of Hazards

• INHALATION
• Use of Tight Fitting caps
• Closed Reservoirs (covers on buffer tanks)
• Eliminate evaporation / aerosol generation in the
  open space
• Use of Chemical Fume Hood / Glove Box to control
  release of vapors to general work space
• Reduction of Bench work exposures

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Control Of Hazards

• DERMAL
• Barrier garment use (Gloves, Aprons, PPE)
• Limited use of needles, glass pipettes
• Substitution of solvents (where possible) to less
  hazardous

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Control Of Hazards

• INGESTION
• Face Shields (splash to face-skin deposition)
• Hand Protection gloves
• No Food in Laboratories / refrigerators/ walk-ins
• Routine Housekeeping i.e. cleaning benches, Hood
  surfaces, phones etc.

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Exposure Prevention Reduction

• Perform risk assessments for all chemicals in use
  in your protocols
• Substitute less toxic less hazardous chemicals
  if at all possible
• Design-out exposures using closed systems, screw
  caps, covered reservoirs, chem fume hoods or
  glove boxes

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Exposure Prevention Reduction

• Scale-down procedures (smaller quantities)
• Select appropriate personal protective equipment
  that will protect you specifically for the
  chemicals you use (no latex exam gloves for
  acutely toxic chemicals!!)

25

• In Memorium
• The New York Times
• HANOVER, N.H., June 10 1997 - A Dartmouth
  College chemistry professor has died from
  exposure to a rare form of mercury, first
  synthesized more than 130 years ago.
• Karen E. Wetterhahn, 48, who also had served as
  an associate dean and a dean at the college, died
  on Sunday, about 10 months after accidentally
  spilling a few drops of dimethylmercury on her
  disposable latex gloves while performing a
  laboratory experiment. The substance, which has
  no practical application, is used in research on
  heavy metals.
• Prof. John S. Winn, chairmen of the college's
  chemistry department, said Professor Wetterhahn
  was a leader in the study of how heavy metals can
  initiate cancer at the molecular level.
  Dimethylmercury is so rare that it is only in use
  in perhaps 100 laboratories worldwide at any
  given time, he said.

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In Memorium

• Through a search of medical literature, the
  college determined that exposure to the substance
  killed two laboratory assistants in 1865, shortly
  after it was first synthesized, and a 28-year-old
  chemist in 1971.
• After years of studying chromium metal
  toxicity, Professor Wetterhahn had turned to the
  study of mercury in a sabbatical at Harvard
  University in September 1995, Professor Winn
  said. In the experiment at Dartmouth last August,
  she had used dimethylmercury to set up a standard
  against which to measure other mercury involved
  in her research.
• The drops apparently spilled onto her gloves,
  passed quickly through the latex and were
  absorbed through her skin. After her illness was
  diagnosed in late January, the college had the
  latex gloves independently tested, and it was
  determined that the mercury could pass through in
  15 seconds or much less.

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• It was Dr. Wetterhahns wish that all
  Occupational HS Professionals get
• the word out to her colleagues about the dangers
  of using the wrong Personal Protective Equipment
  with hazardous chemicals

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Good Chemical Handling and Storage

• Refer to
• www.mssm.edu/health_safety
• http//www.mssm.edu/health_safety/pdf/chemical_st
  orage_practices.pdf
• http//www.mssm.edu/health_safety/pdf/HazardousCh
  emicalsStorage.pdf
• http//www.mssm.edu/health_safety/pdf/HazWasteMan
  agement.pdf

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And nowLets play..

• http//www.epa.gov/region02/capp/cip/cases.htm
• http//www.epa.gov/region02/capp/cip/agreeex.htm

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• TOXIC Jeopardy!!

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What is.Improper Chemical Storage!!
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What is food storage in a refrigerator with
toxic chemicals
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What is Improperly labeled container-for
10,000 (fine-EPA!!)
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What is Funnel in-throat container
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What is old chemicals, some open, bad
housekeeping
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What is improperly labeled waste container on a
sink10,000
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What is Funnel in-throat container
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What is Funnel in-throat container
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What is Funnel in-throat containerand
improperly labeled (Waste Organics??)
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What is improperly labeled container
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What is unlabeled inherently waste-like (Hg!!)
and improperly labeled containers
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What is an unknown, waste-like container
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What is inherently waste-like container
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What is improperly labeled containers-two
labels / label over original
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What is Improper disposal of a hazardous
wasteguaranteed 10,000 EPA fine!!
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What is Poutpourri You name it!! All of the
above???
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What is The right way
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EHHHHH!!! The wrong way!!
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Previous slides stolen from

• Health and Safety Lessons Learned from College
  Environmental Assessments

• Edward Wilson, MS, CIH, CSP
• Stuart Spiegel, MS

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Summation

• Even though it was done in a humorous manner,
  none of the above slides are funny from a health
  and safety point of view
• There are some serious and potentially hazardous
  conditions demonstrated above
• One chemical among some shown above, if
  mishandled can result inwelllook at the
  following..

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Peroxide Crystals formed from Isopropyl Ether
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Another bottle from the same colleges
laboratory that has peroxidized, with a
light-impact detonation cap.(RHR-Inc)
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This could easily have occurred in the lab if
bumped or heated(RHR-Inc)
The resulting detonation left a crater in the
ground approximately three foot wide by one foot
deep !
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• A laboratory chemical that has been stored /
  handled improperly can be hazardous to your
  health!

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Three 5 gal. containers of peroxidized
Tetrahydrofuran at _at_ 120 o F!! Courtesy RHR-Inc
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Do any of these look like chemicals in your lab
areas? Courtesy RHR-Inc.
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Good Chemical Handling / Storage

• Check your inventories
• Get rid of what you do not need
• Manage those containers with bad labels
• Manage waste collection containers with correct
  labeling of contents, and keep caps closed when
  not adding to them
• Make sure all chemicals have proper labels and
  are within expiration dates / known shelf lives

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CONCLUSION

• Resources
• www.osha.gov
• http//www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardoustoxicsubstances
  /index.html
• http//www.osha.gov/SLTC/laboratories/index.html
• www.epa.gov
• http//www.ert.org/
• http//www.epa.gov/sbo/labguide.htm
• http//www.epa.gov/region02/p2/college/ca-sites.h
  tm
• www.mssm.edu/health_safety

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Questions???

• Chemical Disposal
• Kevin McQuillan 4-SAFE
• Chemical Information
• www.mssm.edu/health_safety
• Assistance / additional training
• Philip Hauck 241 5169
• philip.hauck_at_mssm.edu

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• Thank you for attendingsee you next year!!