Statistic Definition - Javatpoint

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STATISTICS
DEFINITION
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Statistics is an important process and becomes a
critical factor when a decision is based on data.
It is a branch of mathematics that deals with
data. Correct statistical information helps
select a precise method to gather data and engage
those samples in an accurate examination to
generate a precise result.
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STATISTICS IN MATHEMATICS
Statistics involves gathering, presenting,
analyzing, and interpreting data. Its main goal
is to strategize data for surveys and
experiments. It is also considered a mathematical
science dealing with numerical data.
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EXAMPLE OF STATISTICS

• Determination number of students in the Class
• Calculation of poor and Rich people in the Class
• Number of malls in the city

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TYPES OF STATISTICS

• Statistics has only two branches
• Descriptive Statistics
• Inferential Statistics

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1. Descriptive Statistics
2. Inferential Statistics
Descriptive statistics use tables, graphs, and
numerical calculations to present data, such as
the number of students in a class.
It relies on a data sample collected from the
population and is used to make inferences and
predictions.
Both types are recruited in statistical analysis.
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FEATURES OF STATISTICS

• The critical features of the statistics are
• It should be numerically presented.
• It involves an aggregate of facts.
• It should be gathered systematically.
• It should be comparative.
• It is gathered for the definite objective.

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IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS

• It helps in collecting quantitative data
• Presents complex data in tables, graphs, and
  diagrams for better visualization
• Enhances understanding and comprehensive
  elaboration
• Ensures reliability and valid inferences
• Aids in understanding variability patterns
  through quantitative observations

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STATISTICAL LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
1. NOMINAL LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
The nominal level of measurement deals with
names, labels, or categories. It does not include
numbers or numerical values. It is used to
classify things without considering any quantity
or order.
For example, The name of the Prime Minister
elected in 2019 was Robert jr.
2. ORDINAL LEVEL MEASUREMENT
All data have equal importance and are arranged
in a specific order. The values cannot be
subtracted from each other because their position
matters. This data type is called nonparametric
statistics and is compared with the whole group
of variables.
For example, Indian Ashwin Kumar was the fastest
man in the Rio Olympics in the 50-meter sprint.
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3. INTERVAL LEVEL MEASUREMENTNT
Differences between the data set contain meaning,
and the outcomes are arranged in order.
Comparison is often based on two different data
points.
For example, The price Rise hit 9.6 in April
2002, and the last time the price rise was high
was in January 1980.
4. RATIO LEVEL MEASUREMENT
Differences between the data values have meaning,
and outcomes are arranged in order. Now it can
contain zero value and the starting point. Data
ratio also contains some meaning.
For example, The highest temperature recorded by
the meteorological department was 51 degrees
Celsius in Nashik.
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SCOPE OF STATISTICS
Statistics are employed in numerous sectors,
including probability, weather, forecasting, and
geology. The objective of the statistics is to
achieve understanding from the available data. It
stresses the applications therefore, it is also
called a mathematical science.
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TECHNIQUES IN MATHEMATICS

• Three techniques play an important role, and they
  are
• Data Collection
• Statistical Analysis
• Data Summarisation

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PRESENTATION OF DATA
Different methods are adopted to present the data
to the audience, and some of the methods are

• Frequency Distribution
• Line Graph
• Histogram
• Bar Graph
• Pie Chart
• Pictograph

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CENTRAL TENDENCY MEASUREMENT

• Statistics in mathematics are employed to present
  the central tendencies of the ungrouped and
  grouped data. The three measures of the Central
  tendencies are
• Mean
• Median
• Mode
• Central tendency is employed to figure out the
  available data's central value.

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MEASURES OF DISPERSION
The dispersion measures in the statistics help in
understanding the data variability. There are two
types of dispersion measures, categorized as
Relative and Absolute

• Mean and Mean Deviation
• Range
• Variance
• Quartiles and Quartile deviation
• Standard Deviation

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RELATIVE MEASURES OF DISPERSION

• Co-efficient of Mean Deviation
• Co-efficient of Range
• Co-efficient of Quartile Deviation
• Co-efficient of Variation
• Co-efficient of Standard Deviation

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SKEWNESS IN STATISTICS
Skewness, meaning in Statistics, is a computation
of the asymmetry in the probability distribution.
It computes the deviation of the curve of the
normal distribution of the given data.
The outcome of the skewed could be negative or
positive.
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION
Question What is the objective of the
Statistics? Ans It helps to learn to use limited
samples to make accurate determinations. Using
graphs, diagrams, or tables plays a significant
role in presenting the information
meaningfully. Question What is the significance
of Statistics in actual life? Ans It motivates
you to use useful ideas to collect information
and use it in the right direction to present
outcomes. Measurement is an important cycle
behind how we disclose in science and settle on
choices dependent on information and forecasts.
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