PDF The World of Stonehenge

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The
World
of
Stonehenge
Stonehenge is
one of the best known,
but most misunderstood, monuments in the world.
Contrary to common belief, it was not a static,
unchanging structure built by shadowy figures or
druids. Rather it represents the cumulative
achievement of numerous generations who were
woven into a complex and widespread network of
cultural interactions, environmental change, and
belief systems. This publication, which
accompanies the first exhibition about
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Stonehenge ever staged in London, uses the
monument as a gateway to explore the communities
and civilizations active at the time of its
construction and beyond, between 4,000 and 1,000
BCE.Recent archaeological findings regarding the
origin of Stonehenge8217sstriking
8216blestones8217have re-ignited interest in
this ancient wonder, the people who built it,
and the beliefs they held. Through
the 8216icnic8217structure, spectacular
objects of precious and exotic material and more
humble, personal objects, authors Duncan Garrow
and Neil Wilkin examine the dramatic cultural
and societal shifts that characterized the world
of Stonehenge, including the introduction of
farming and development of metalworking.Covering
a period of thousands of years, the publication
traces the appearance of the first monuments in
the landscape of Britain around 4,000 BCE, the
arrival of the bluestones from the Preseli Hills
in Pembrokeshire 1,000 years later, all the way
up to a remarkable era of cross-Channel
connectivity and trade between 1,500 and 800
BCE.Through a new study of the enigmatic and
beautiful objects made and circulated during the
age of Stonehenge, connections are charted in
the shared religious practices and beliefs of
communities from across Britain, Ireland, and
continental Europe. The presence of other stone
and wooden circles hundreds of miles from
Salisbury Plain 8211including Seahenge,
discovered on a beach in Norfolk in 1998
8211is further evidence of these shared ways of
thinking.At a critical moment in the narrative
of Stonehenge, around 2,500 BCE, the significance
of the cosmos and the heavens expressed through
the construction of stone circles and megalithic
passage tombs began to wane and portable objects
gained increasing importance. This key
transformation is demonstrated by a highlight
object from Germany the Nebra Sky Disc, a bronze
disc inlaid with gold symbols believed to
represent the Sun, a crescent moon and the
Pleiades
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constellation. More modest items found in tombs,
burials and settlements are no less important in
shedding light on the development of ideas
relating to identity, religious practices, and
relationships between the living and
dead.Monuments such as Stonehenge cannot be
understood in isolation. Stonehenge was not
always a static, monolithic structure over
generations it was adapted and added to by
communities that changed and developed the
landscape on which it still stands today.Table of
ContentsIntroduction 8211introduces the
connections between people and nature, people and
the heavens above, and between different
peoples. Explores the relevance of Stonehenge and
other stone circles to the wider world at the
time.1. Working with Nature 8211before
Stonehenge the first farmers grave goods and
belief2. Sermons in Stone 8211major
developments at Stonehenge and the surrounding
landscape c. 3,00082112500 BCE other sites in
Britain and Ireland artistic expression3. Under
One Sky 8211the relationship of Stonehenge to
the sun the sun, moon and the cosmos4. New
Horizons People and Pilgrims 8211modifications
at and the significance of Stonehenge c.
2,50082112000 BCE new burial traditions5.
Facing the Ocean Cosmological Travellers
8211transformation around and across the
Stonehenge landscape cross-Channel connections
metalwork and its links to the natural world
economic and social change at the end of the
early metal age.Conclusion 8211highlights the
need to consider 8216icnic8217monuments and
objects within a broader context to counter the
narrative that Stonehenge can be understood in
isolation.BibliographyCreditsIndex
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