Italia Pisa 2 Camposanto monumentale

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PISA
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Nel Campo dei Miracoli

Presenter Notes
The cemetery has three chapels. The oldest ones
are the chapel Ammannati (1360) and takes its
name from the tomb of Ligo Ammannati, a teacher
in the University of Pisa and the chapel Aulla,
were there is an altar made by Giovanni della
Robbia in 1518. In this chapel we can see also
the original lamp that Galileo Galilei saw, in
his time, inside the cathedral and that was
shortly replaced by the bigger one we can see
now. The last chapel was Dal Pozzo, commissioned
by archbishop of Pisa Carlo Antonio Dal Pozzo in
1594 it has an altar dedicated to St. Jerome and
a little dome. In this chapel in 2009 were
translated the relics of the Cathedral the
relics include among the others eleven of the
twelve Apostles, two fragments of the True Cross,
a thorn from the Crown of Christ and a small
piece of the dress of the Virgin Mary. Also in
the Dal Pozzo chapel sometimes a Mass is
celebrated.

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Partly paved and partly grassed, Piazza del Duomo
is dominated by four great religious edifices
the Duomo, the Leaning Tower (the cathedral's
campanile), the Baptistery and the
Camposanto. His name "Square of Miracles, was
created by the Italian writer and poet Gabriele
d'Annunzio

Presenter Notes
The Camposanto Monumentale, is arguably the most
beautiful graveyard in the world. Lining the
northern side of the Piazza dei Miracoli, the
white marble walls of the Camposanto enclose a
grassy courtyard surrounded by cloisters (covered
walkways). Many of the crumbling tombstones here
are Roman dating from the 14th century--most of
the tombs are under the arcades.  A collection of
sarcophagi, presently are inside the galleries
near the walls.  The serene atmosphere is
enhanced by the beautiful remains of frescoes
that adorn the walls inside, though sadly these
were badly damaged in a fire during the war. The
building was the fourth and last one to be raised
in the Cathedral Square. It was erected over the
earlier burial ground.   The outer wall is
composed of 43 blind arches. There are two
doorways. The one on the right is crowned by a
gracious Gothic tabernacle. It contains the
Virgin Mary with Child, surrounded by four
saints. It is the work from the second half of
the 14th century by a follower of Giovanni
Pisano. This was the original entrance door.
Ancient relics that were found in Pisa now make
it sort of an archeological museum inside the
cemetery.

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The Camposanto Monumentale, is arguably the most
beautiful graveyard in the world. Lining the
northern side of the Piazza dei Miracoli, the
white marble walls of the Camposanto enclose a
grassy courtyard surrounded by cloisters (covered
walkways).

Presenter Notes
The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation
began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th
century when it acquired traditional fame as one
of the four main historical Maritime Republics of
Italy (Repubbliche Marinare). Pisa was in
continuous conflict with the Saracens, who had
their bases in Corsica, for control of the
Mediterranean. Between 1030 and 1035, Pisa went
on to successfully defeat several rival towns in
Sicily and conquer Carthage in North Africa. In
10511052 the admiral Jacopo Ciurini conquered
Corsica, provoking more resentment from the
Genoese. In 1063 admiral Giovanni Orlando, coming
to the aid of the Norman Roger I, took Palermo
from the Saracen pirates. The gold treasure taken
from the Saracens in Palermo allowed the Pisans
to start the building of their cathedral and the
other monuments which constitute the famous Piazz
a del Duomo

In 1987 the whole square was declared a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.

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Legend holds that during the Crusades, ten Pisa
ships carried soil from Calvary in the Holy Land
and laid it here in the cemetery.   

Presenter Notes
"The Ardea rotated over the sky of Christ, over
the meadow of Miracles." Gabriele d'Annunzio

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There are two doorways. The one on the right is
crowned by a gracious Gothic tabernacle. It
contains the Virgin Mary with Child, surrounded
by four saints. It is the work from the second
half of the 14th century by a follower of
Giovanni Pisano. This was the original entrance
door.
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The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation
began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th
century when it acquired traditional fame as one
of the four main historical Maritime Republics of
Italy (Repubbliche Marinare).
Pisa was in continuous conflict with the
Saracens, who had their bases in Corsica, for
control of the Mediterranean. Between 1030 and
1035, Pisa went on to successfully defeat several
rival towns in Sicily and conquer Carthage in
North Africa
In 1987 the whole square was declared a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
Camposanto was the fourth and last building to be
raised in the Cathedral Square.
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In 10511052 the admiral Jacopo Ciurini conquered
Corsica, provoking more resentment from the
Genovese.
9
In 1063 admiral Giovanni Orlando, coming to the
aid of the Norman Roger I, took Palermo from the
Saracen pirates. The gold treasure taken from the
Saracens in Palermo allowed the Pisans to start
the building of their cathedral and the other
monuments which constitute the famous Piazza del
Duomo
10
Camposanto was erected over the earlier burial
ground. His wall is composed of 43 blind arches.
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One of the things the Camposanto is known for is
its many frescoes. Tragically, many of the
frescoes have been destroyed or damaged. In 1944,
during the Second World War, incendiary bombs
dropped during an Allied air raid set the roof on
fire.  
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The serene atmosphere is enhanced by the
beautiful remains of frescoes that adorn the
walls inside, though sadly these were badly
damaged in a fire during the war.
13
The frescos that adorned the walls of the
cemetery were among the largest in Europe before
being damaged by fire in WWII. 
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The burning wood rafters caused the lead of the
roof to melt. The molten lead caused severe
damaged to everything inside the cemetery,
destroying most of the sculptures and sarcophagi
as well as most of the frescoes.
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There were many losses of great art and
architecture during World War II, and the nearly
complete destruction of the Camposanto Pisa was
one of the most tragic.
Leonardo Fibonacci, or, most commonly, simply
Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician,
considered by some "the most talented western
mathematician of the Middle Ages" Fibonacci is
best known to the modern world for the spreading
of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in Europe,
primarily through the publication in the early
13th century of his Book of Calculation, the
Liber Abaci and for a number sequence named
after him known as the Fibonacci numbers, which
he did not discover but used as an example in the
Liber Abaci.
Many of the crumbling tombstones here are Roman
dating from the 14th century-most of the tombs
are under the arcades.  A collection of
sarcophagi, presently are inside the galleries
near the walls. 
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Many of the crumbling tombstones here are Roman
dating from the 14th century-most of the tombs
are under the arcades.  A collection of
sarcophagi, presently are inside the galleries
near the walls. 
18
Ancient relics that were found in Pisa now make
it sort of an archeological museum inside the
cemetery.
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Massive chains that hang on the wall were once
used to close off access to Pisas harbor.
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One thing that surprises many as they visit the
Camposanto is that there are large rusty chains
hanging next to the beautiful frescoes. This
chains are actually the old chains from the Pisa
port, takes by the Genovese or Firenze and later
returned to Pisa in 1860.
Its just one of the many signs of the strong
naval traditions in Pisa, so dont be surprised
to find more similar features in the city of Pisa.
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Presenter Notes
Sister Marie Keyrouz (also spelled "Kairouz") is
a chanter of Oriental Church music, a member of
the Congrégation des Soeurs Basiliennes
Chouérites and founder-president of the National
Institute of Sacred Music in Paris.



She was born in Deir el Ahmar in Lebanon, close
to the ancient Roman city of Baalbeck. Raised in
the Maronite Church, but being a Melkite through
her religious congregation, she took her vows in
the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. From an early
age, she undertook several disciplines of study
simultaneously, earning a joint doctorate in
musicology and anthropology from the Sorbonne in
1991. She has collected a variety of so-called
"Oriental" Christian chants, mostly preserved in
Greek, Syrian, and Arabic manuscripts and through
oral tradition.

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Text Internet Pictures Daniela Iacob All 
copyrights  belong to their  respective owners
Presentation Sanda Foisoreanu
2011
Sound Verdi - La vergine degli angeli
- Mirusia Louwerse, André Rieu Louis
Niedemeyer - Pieta Signore - Sister Marie Keyrouz

Presenter Notes
Her debut album Chant byzantin took Europe by
surprise upon its arrival in 1989, not only with
the apparently ancient repertoire it represents,
but also due to her own virtuosity, having a
great ability to sing the intervals in rapid
flourishes, notes that are difficult for most
singers to reproduce.

On the production of the various Maronite chants,
Melkite chants, Milanese chants and even
mainstream Gregorian chants, she is accompanied
by L'Ensemble de la Paix, a small band of Arabic
instrumentalists which she leads.

Marie Keyrouz is founder of L'Instituit
International de Chant Sacré (International
Institute of Holy Songs) in Paris, which promotes
research into ancient sacred song. She has also
written several books.