Kidney Stones Causes, Symptoms and treatment options

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Kidney stones Symptoms, causes, types
treatment

• Dr. Saket Narnoli

www.dhanbadurologist.com
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How common are kidney stones?
Kidney stones are a relatively common medical
condition, affecting approximately 1 in 10 people
during their lifetime, with higher prevalence in
certain populations.
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What is a kidney stone?

• A kidney stone is a solid mineral and salt
  deposit that forms in the kidneys. These stones
  can vary in size and composition, consisting of
  minerals like calcium, oxalate, or uric acid.
• They can cause severe pain and other symptoms
  when they obstruct the urinary tract, leading to
  complications.

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Types of kidney stones?

• Calcium Oxalate Stones The most common type,
  formed when calcium combines with oxalate.
• Calcium Phosphate Stones Composed of calcium and
  phosphate minerals.
• Uric Acid Stones Formed when there's an excess
  of uric acid in the urine, often associated with
  conditions like gout.
• Struvite Stones Typically caused by urinary
  tract infections and consist of magnesium,
  ammonium, and phosphate.
• Cystine Stones Rare and caused by a genetic
  condition called cystinuria, resulting in the
  buildup of cystine in the urine.

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Causes of kidney stones

• Dehydration Insufficient fluid intake can lead
  to concentrated urine, making it easier for
  minerals to crystallize and form stones.
• Family History A family history of kidney stones
  can increase your susceptibility.
• Obesity Excess body weight can lead to changes
  in urinary patterns and increase the risk of
  stone formation.
• Medical Conditions Conditions like gout, urinary
  tract infections, and certain metabolic disorders
  can promote stone development.
• Medications Some medications, like diuretics and
  antacids, can affect urinary chemistry and
  potentially lead to stone formation.
• Age and Gender Men are more prone to kidney
  stones, and the risk tends to increase with age.

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Symptoms of kidney stones

• severe pain on either side of your lower back
• more vague pain or stomachache that doesn't go
  away
• blood in the urine
• nausea or vomiting
• fever and chills
• difficulty passing urine
• urine that smells bad or looks cloudy

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Treatments for kidney stones

• The treatment for a kidney stone depends on
• The size of the stone
• The type of stone
• If the stone is causing you pain
• If the stone is blocking your urinary tract

• Lithotripsy

• Ureteroscopy

• Surgery

• Lithotripsy treatment uses shock waves to break
  up the kidney stone into small pieces.

• During a ureteroscopy, a doctor inserts a long
  tube-like tool into your ureter to take out the
  stone (if it is small) or break the stone into
  small pieces

• During the surgery, a doctor will insert a tube
  into your kidney to remove the stone.

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prevention kidney stones

• Drink enough fluids every day. Eight to twelve
  cups of fluid per day is enough for most people.
  If you have kidney disease and need to limit
  fluids, ask your doctor how much fluid you should
  have each day.
• Limit your sodium (salt) and animal protein such
  as meat and eggs. If your doctor can find out
  what your kidney stone is made of, they may give
  you a specific eating plan to help prevent future
  kidney stones.
• Take all of your prescription medicines as your
  doctor tells you to treat health problems that
  may make kidney stones more likely for you.

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Thanks!

• Do you have any questions?
• dr.saketnarnoli_at_yahoo.com
• 91 97085 60603
• www.dhanbadurologist.com

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