Esophageal Cancer

1
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
DR. DODUL MONDAL
ONCOLOGISTDRDODULMONDAL.COM
2
INDEX
01
02
Esophageal cancer
Types
Symptoms
Main Cause
04
03
05
06
Diagnose
Treatment options
3

• Esophageal Cancer

Cancer of the esophagus is the 10th most common
cancer worldwide. Your esophagus, the long
muscular tube that transports food from your
throat to your stomach, is the source of this
disease. The symptoms of esophageal cancer may
not be apparent until cancer has
spread. Esophageal cancer happens when cancerous
cells in your esophageal tissue begin to
multiply, eventually creating a tumour.
Esophageal cancer is aggressive, but many people
dont notice symptoms until after cancer has
spread.
4

• Types of Esophageal Cancer

• There are two types of esophageal cancer
• Adenocarcinoma This is the most common type of
  esophageal cancer in the U.S. It develops in the
  tissue that makes mucus that helps you swallow.
  It usually affects the lower part of your
  esophagus.
• Squamous cell carcinoma This type begins in
  squamous cells that line your esophagus. Squamous
  cell esophageal cancer usually affects the upper
  and middle parts of your esophagus.

5

• Symptoms

6

• Causes

• Tobacco use This includes smoking and using
  smokeless tobacco.
• Alcohol use Chronic and/or heavy use of alcohol
  increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
• Obesity Being overweight or obese may cause
  inflammation in your esophagus that could become
  cancer.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) HPV is a common virus
  that can cause tissue changes in your vocal cords
  and mouth and on your hands, feet and genitals.
• History of cancer People whove had cancer of
  the neck or head have a greater risk for
  esophageal cancer.
• Occupational exposure to certain chemicals
  People exposed to dry cleaning solvents over a
  long time are at higher risk of developing
  esophageal cancer.

7

• Diagnose

• Barium swallow Healthcare providers look at your
  esophagus through a series of X-rays. Barium
  makes it easier for healthcare providers to see
  your esophagus on an X-ray.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan This test helps
  healthcare providers determine if tumours have
  spread to your chest and abdomen (belly).
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Healthcare
  providers use a thin flexible tube called an
  endoscope to look at the inside of your
  esophagus.
• Esophageal endoscopic ultrasound Sound waves
  create images of the inside of your esophagus.
  Healthcare providers may do this test as part of
  an EGD.
• Biopsy During the EGD, healthcare providers may
  remove a small piece of tissue to examine under a
  microscope to see if there are any cancer cells.

8

• Treatment Option

• Radiation therapy Radiation kills or damages
  cancer cells by aiming a radiation beam at the
  tumour. Healthcare providers may use radiation as
  adjuvant therapy before or after surgery.
• Chemotherapy Chemotherapy kills cancer cells or
  stops them from growing.
• Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) Surgeons
  may use ESD to treat very early-stage esophageal
  cancer.
• Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) Surgeons use
  this procedure to remove tumours in the mucous
  lining of your esophagus.
• Endoscopic laser therapy This treatment eases
  symptoms when tumours may block your esophagus,
  making it hard for you to swallow.
• Photodynamic therapy (PDT) Photodynamic therapy
  destroys tumours with drugs called
  photosensitizers. The light activates these drugs
  and creates a chemical reaction that kills cancer.

9
THANK YOU
1, PRESS ENCLAVE ROAD, MAX SUPER SPECIALITY
HOSPITAL, EAST BLOCK, SAKET, DELHI-110017
DODULMONDAL_at_GMAIL.COM
91-8860-102-093