Oil

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OIL SEED RAPE / CANOLA
Key Quality Traits Of
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And HOW These Can Be Improved ?

• Alex K Alexander
• 406473

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Introduction

• Scientific name Brassica napus.
• Winter crop, Annual plant
• Grows up to 1.5 m and has highly branched stem
  with long lobed leaves.
• Fruit( silique)-15 to 40 small round seeds
  (Yellow/black).
• Seeds contain 40 of oil ( used for edible oil,
  lubricants and soaps).
• Best for crop rotation with cereals...

https//www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/research/progra
mme-activities/cropquest/oil-seed-rape-osr/
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Economic Importance

• Second most important oil seed crop in the world.
• Vegetable oil for human consumption
• Protien rich meal used for animal feed
• Biodiesel

https//www.teagasc.ie/crops/crops/research/progra
mme-activities/cropquest/oil-seed-rape-osr/
Growth stage of Canola
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Trade and Consumer quality

• Seed quality
• Tolerance of cold climate in winter and early
  spring
• Immune to disease
• Non lodging (stem displacement)
• Holding of seed
• Affordability
• Low in saturated fatty acid high in unsaturated
  fatty acid
• Good source of omega 3,6,9
• Contains Vitamin E (antioxidant)

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B. Habekottee. 1997. Evaluation of seed yield
determining factors of winter oil seed rape (
Brassica napus) by means of crop growth
modelling. Field crop research
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Quality Standards
Fatty acid composition of canola oil ,CODEX . CXS
210 - 1999
Fatty acid Rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil (low Erucic Acid)
C60 ND ND
C80 ND ND
C100 ND ND
C120 ND ND
C140 ND0.2 ND0.2
C160 1.5-6.0 2.5-7.0
C180 0.5-3.1 0.8-3.0
C181 8.0-60.0 51.0-70.0
C182 11.0-23.0 15.0-30.0
C200 ND3.0 0.2-1.2
C201 3.0-15.0 0.1-4.3
C220 ND2.0 ND0.6
C221 gt2.0-60.0 ND2.0
C222 ND-2.0 ND-0.1
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• Colour, odour and taste free from RANCIDITY
• Crismer value for low erucic acid rape seed oil
  67-70
• Concentration of brassica sterol must be more
  than 5 of total starch in low erucic acid
  rapeseed oil
• Saponification value (mg KOH/gm of oil)
• Rapeseed oil 168 to 181
  
• Low erucic acid oil seed rape 182 to 193
• Total sterol (mg/Kg) 4500 to 11300

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Glyphosate Tolerance

• FAO identifier name MON 88302-9
• Contain CP4 EPSPS protein- factor provide
  resistance to glyphosate based herbicide
• Tolerance achieved by the expression of 5-
  enolpyruvyl-3-shikimatephosphate synthase enzyme.
• Enzyme EPSPS is derived from Agrobacterium sp.
  strain CP4

Food Safety and Quality OECD Unique Identifier
Details FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
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Re-establishment of fertility Glufosinate
resistance

• FAO identifier name ACS BN003-6
• Production of Hybrid seed MS8 x RF3
• MS8 species name
• contain barnase genes , which press out
  in tapetum of cells during anther
  occurrence, causing production of sterile
  pollengrains.
• contain bar genes, codes for PAT(
  Phospinothricin acetyl transferace)- selectable
  marker for resistance to herbicide contains
  glufosinate.
• RF3 species name
• contain barstar gene impede barnase
  protein in tapetum and restore fertility
• MS8 x RF3 fertile and glufosinate resistant
  (glufosinateammonium)

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Protein Rich Rapeseed Meal (RSM)

• Increasing? Protein quality and quantity
• Decreasing? levels of anti-nutritional compounds(
  Eg fibre and glucosinolates)
• Taste and appearance of RSM is affected by
  indigestible fibre in seed coat

Article by Katarzyna Gacek et al QTL Genetic
Mapping Study for Traits Affecting Meal Quality
in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
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Gene cross to attain high quality oil seed rape.

• Crossing of two DH lines (double haploid)
• H2-26(black
  seed) x Z-144(yellow seed)
• Subjected to In vitro Androgenesis (pollens
  forced towards embryogenic route)
• Resulting 44 DH line population- experimented in
  two season
• Shows high DH
  line variability than parental lines.
• Choosing suitable parents for crossing ? decrease
  negative correlation between protein and fat
• Gets reduced fibre and increased protein and fat
  content in oil seed rape

Genetic variability in a population of oil seed
rape DH lines developed from F1 hybrid of cross
between black and yellow DH lines. II Seed
quality Article Laurencja szala et al.
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Manual Harvesting And Combined Harvesting

• From experiment done in china with Brassica napus
  from 2009 2011
• Manual sowing / Combined harvesting ? 1 1.6
• Manual sowing / Manual harvesting ? 1 1.2
• More Labour cost. 70 more than that of MS/CH ?
  Low profit

Journal of integrative agriculture. Volume II
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Plant density and Foliar Fertilization

• Concentration of total nitrogen fat depended on
  Plant density and Foliar fertilization
• Foliar fertilization ? Mg, S, B and Asahi growth
  stimulant NPK fertilization
• Higher yield attained by double application of
  MgSO49(VI), microelement fertilizer(soluber) and
  Asahi bio stimulent.

J.Elemental. 2011 , 16(1) Values of quality of
oil seed rape depending on fertilization and
plant density
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Sowing Date And Rate Of Sowing

• Experiment done in 2008 to 2010 Zlotniki
  experiment station.
• Four sowing date(Aug 14,25, Sep 04, 25) Four
  sowing rate(30,40,50,60 seed / m square)
• Three oil seedrape variety
• Semi dwarf hybrid PR45D03
• Hybrid PR46W31
• Californium
• August 25 - optimal for yielding.
• Early and delayed sowing ? less yield
• Delay in sowing date and wrong weather
• affects glucosinate content and decrease
  oil content

Karolina et al. Plant production science. Page
265
Karolina et al. Plant production science
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Temperature change affects Crop yield

• Variation in Winter oil seed rape (WOSR) yield is
  directly linked to the temperature of early
  winter
• 1 degree rise in mean temperature cause losing of
  113 (- 21) Kg Ha-1)
• WOSR cultivation should done by knowing the
  proper weather condition

Article James K M Brown et al. Yield
instability of winter oilseed rape modulated by
early winter temperature
Light

• Light absorption
• Light distribution in green Canopy
• Canopy photo synthesis
• Leaf area growth acceleration? Done in Lin tul
  BRASNAP (model of WOSR) by increasing intake into
  leaves
• Delaying of flowering to attain enough leaf size?
  Done by reducing temperature governed rate of
  growing

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1. Increasing light passing through flower layer by
   small petals or apetalous flower? Done by
   reducing area per flower
2. Delay maturity to absorb maximum light in growth
   ? Done by reducing temperature governed response
   rate of development after the flowering
3. Increasing canopy photosynthesis? Done by more
   erect pods and change of crowding of pods
4. Extending seed filling period(SFP)?Done by
   keeping Critical period and Flowering period at
   constant or changing the duration.

B Habekotte. Options for increasing seed yield
of winter oilseed rape( Brassica napus) A
simulation study.
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Thankyou