Project Paper Viva with Research Title

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Project Paper Viva
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• Rachel Hong

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Research Title
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• A study on the relationship between average hours
  spent studying virtual classes
• and stress among students in a college in Kuala
  Lumpur, Malaysia

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Outline
Results and Discussion
Background
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Objectives
Conclusion
Methodology
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Literature Review
Problem Statement
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Chapter
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• Background,
• Problem Statement, Objectives

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Background
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• The COVID-19 emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan,
  China.
• A health crisis verified as a public health
  emergency, because the virus has spread globally
  and increased mortality rate.
• To reduce the spread, the education system has
  changed from physical classes to virtual classes.

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Background
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• The level of stress has been increased among
  students from colleges and universities as
  reported in the news.
• Other type of disease outbreaks (e.g. SARS, H1N1)
  displayed special results of mental health burden
  which can affect the human psyche during a
  quarantine (two weeks).

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Problem Statement
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• Most studies have been globally conducted in
  2020, but the virtual classes have been employed
  for more than a year due to the COVID-19.
• A similar study from Penang among pre-diploma,
  diploma and degree of first year students.
• The result showed that the majority were from
  diploma and experienced high level of stress.

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Objectives
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• To examine the relationship between average hours
  spent studying in virtual classroom and stress
  level.
• Compare the difference between genders and stress
  level.

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Chapter
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Index
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• Literature Review

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Index
Literature Review
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• Theoretical Framework
• Selye(1956) theory of General Adaption Syndrome
  (GAS)
• To demonstrate the type of reactions that the
  body experiences towards stress.
• Three-stage process
• Alarm, resistance and exhaustion

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Index
Literature Review
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• At alarm stage,
• It happens when the body experiences the stress
  for the first time.
• How the body reacts towards the stress is by
  fight-or-flight response.
• This is especially when an individual is trying
  to protect themselves when they are in danger.

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Index
Literature Review
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• At resistance stage,
• The body is trying to go back to normal condition
  after experiencing the alarm stage with
  fight-or-flight response.
• However, if the stress is still there, the body
  will continue to work hard in trying to defend
  the body by producing more stress hormone.
• In this case, the individual will become
  frustrated easily, irritable and unable to focus
  well.

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Index
Literature Review
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• At exhaustion stage,
• The final stage due to exposing to the stress for
  a very long time without rest.
• Consequently, the body will not have the energy
  to resist against the stress, which leads to
  stress-related illnesses and even death.
• This is because the immune system has been
  weakened.

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Index
Literature Review
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• This theory serves as a guide for this study.
• These three stages of the theory are related to
  perceived stress experienced by current students
  and alumni students in a college, Kuala Lumpur,
  Malaysia.

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Index
Literature Review
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• Due to the pandemic and the need to stay at home
• Students might not feel much stress at the
  beginning of studying virtual classes.
• After the semester had started for a month,
• A concern if students would feel different and
  more stressful in studying virtual classes at
  home.

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Index
Literature Review
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• Conceptual Framework

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Index
Literature Review
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• Past studies one journal article
• AlAteeq, D. A., Aljhani, S., AlEesa, D. (2020).
  Perceived stress among students in virtual
  classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA.
  Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.
  15(5), 398-403. 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004

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Index
Literature Review
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• Strength
• Female and university students in KSA showed high
  levels of stress.
• Results were comparable with the students from
  dentistry and medicine.
• The convenient sample in the cross-sectional
  design via an online platform could limit the
  generalisability of the results with causal
  conclusions.

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Index
Literature Review
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• Weakness
• The education hours were assumed as a standard,
  because the time for studying online classrooms
  was not measured.
• PSS-10 was used to assess at the beginning of the
  quarantine date, which could had been assessed
  after being quarantined for a month.

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Chapter
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• Methodology

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Methodology
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• Procedure
• Convenient sampling was used through 347 Whatsapp
  private message
• Instrument
• Google Form as the e-form
• Perceived Stress Scale with 10 items (PSS-10)

• Sampling
• The subject was male and female students from a
  college
• Research Design
• Quantitative approach
• Answered by volunteered participants

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Methodology
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• Data Analysis
• The Statistical Package for the Social Science
  (SPSS) version 26 software
• Descriptive statistical analysis to examine the
  distribution of demographic variables

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Methodology
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• H1 There is a relationship between average
  hours spent studying in virtual classroom and
  stress level
• Pearson correlation test
• H2 There is a difference between genders and
  stress level
• Independent T-test

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Chapter
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• Results and Discussion

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Demographic Analysis
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• 96 college students
• 55 females
• 41 males

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Demographic Analysis
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• Between 17-26
• Average age is 20.69

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Demographic Analysis
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Are you a college student?
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• 79 current students
• 17 alumni students

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Demographic Analysis
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• Majority spent 6 hours (29)
• Minority spent 21 hours (6)

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Demographic Analysis
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• 56 found stressful
• 40 found relax

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Reliability
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• The Cronbachs Alpha showing 0.85 is a good
  internal consistency.
• Perceived Stress Scale with 10 items has a good
  reliability.

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Pearson Correlation Coefficient
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• No statistically significant correlation between
  time average spent and stress level.
• r 0.04, n 96, p 0.699

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Independent T-test
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• No significant difference in the scores for male
  (M 2.21, SD 0.68) and female (M 2.39, SD
  0.67) conditions
• t (94) -1.25, p 0.215.
• Gender does not have an effect on the stress
  level.
• The research is reliable, but not valid.

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Scatter Plot Graph
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• No correlation between the average time spent and
  stress.

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Discussion
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• H1 ? No relationship between time average spent
  and stress level.
• Different from the past studies and the news.
• The pandemic has been lasted for more than a year.

• H2 ? No relationship between genders and stress
  level.
• Different from the past study that showed the
  females were more stressful than the males.
• Same as the original study of PSS-10.

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Chapter
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• Conclusion

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Recommendation
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• The college could consider having virtual classes
  with interaction activities that involve
  stress-coping strategies.

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Mary Kay Ash
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• We should not let the negatives
• of life control us. Instead,
• we should employ them
• as our stepping stones to reach
• higher than our dreams.

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Suggestion
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• A longitudinal survey will be conducted if the
  pandemic does not end.
• Valid and reliable questionnaires will be included

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Index
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• We should not limit ourselves.
• We can go beyond what we imagine.
• We can achieve what we believe.

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Mary Kay Ash
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Thank You!
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• Hope you Enjoy this Presentation

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