Research Method

1
Research Method

• Psychology Subject

2
Week 3

• Casual Observation vs Research Observation

3
1

• Casual Observation
• Every students smile at each other
• Looking camera and screen
• Research observation
• AAA drinking water x2 and adjust her hair x2
• BBB smile more than x5
• CCC looking down more than x5
• DDD adjust her hair more than x2
• EEE cover his lips by his hand
• FFF look serious and jot down note
• GGG didnt open camera
• HHH didnt open camere
• III observing very serious

4
2

• Casual observation
• most of the classmates were in front of the
  camera
• wearing casual clothes
• showing head and shoulders
• Research observation
• some in the living room and some in the study
  room
• some were busy some were waiting
• some were drinking water some were chatting with
  others
• showing different facial expressions

5
3
Casual Observation Research Observation
AAA - On the phone, hand supporting head Bored
BBB - Looking down On her phone
CCC - Talking, Look to her left, touching hair, wave hand Energetic
DDD - Smiling, Frowning Expressive
EEE - Hand supporting head Bored/Focus
FFF - Touch ear Focus
GGG - Walk, Wave hand Energetic
6
4

• Research Observation
• AAA keep smiling
• BBB move her head
• CCC look serious
• DDD look boring and serious
• EEE keep look at the camera
• FFF observe others student seriously
• GGG enjoy her water

• Casual Observation
• Some student smile and observe everyone
• Some student say hello
• Some student looks serious

7
5
Casual Observation

1. Everyone is doing their observation very
   seriously.
2. Most of the students are taking notes.

1. AAA seriously observing, jotting down
2. BBB enjoying her view, observing, thinking,
   touched her hair
3. CCC keep looking around, talked to
   someone/something, touched her nose XD
4. DDD looking down at her phone, smiled, seriously
   observing
5. EEE seriously observing, cover his lips with his
   hand
6. FFF seriously observing, taking notes
7. GGG looked up when thinking, looks confused,
   observing

Research Observation
8
6

• Casual Observation
• Every student waving Hi towards each other.
• Some student smiled.
• Most of them are observing seriously.

• Research Observation
• AAA - Talking (Not sure alone or to someone),
  Touching her hair.
• BBB - Looking down, smile at her phone, Observing
  for a while.
• CCC - Seriously Observing at everyone and taking
  notes.
• DDD- Drinking water and enjoying her house view.
• EEE- Observing seriously
• FFF - Keep on observing,not sure if hes bored or
  focusing.
• GGG - Observing seriously and touch her ears.

9
7

• Casual observation
• most of the students were in front of camera
• They wore casual shirt
• Research observation
• They are in their room
• Most of them drinking coffee
• some of them talk to someone,
• some of them listen to music,
• AAA smiled once, while wearing glasses
• BBB looks so focus,and his face was so serious
• CCC was busy with her phone

10
8

• Casual observation
• Most of us switched on our webcam to observe each
  other.
• We greeted each other with a smile
• Research observation
• AAA was having a conversation with someone in her
  surroundings throughout this observation.
• I noticed that BBB and CCC were on their phone
  from time to time. It may be an assumption but
  they seem to be chatting with each other based on
  my perspective.
• DDD appears to be taking down notes during that
  period of time.
• EEE and FFF were focused on this observation as
  they were staring at their screen most of the
  time.
• GGG was smiling throughout the observation.

11
9

• Casual Observation
• Students switched on their webcams and greeted
  each other
• Research Observation
• Most of them had a serious look and observing
  others
• Some were drinking coffee or water
• Some were looking at the phones
• Some were talking to others

12
Week 4

• Characteristic of a good questionnaire
• (Reliability and Validity)

13
1

• Reliability
• It focuses on the consistency of the research
• Measurements are considered reliable if same
  results can be achieved by using same methods
  under same circumstances.

• Validity
• It focuses on the accuracy of the research
• The concept of validity is that a test is valid
  if it measures what is claims to measure.

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2
15
3

• The length of questionnaire should be proper one.
• The language used should be easy and simple.
• The term used are explained properly.
• The questions should be arranged in a proper way.
• The questions should be in logical manner.
• The questions should be in analytical form.

Construct validity Does the test measure the
concept that its intended to measure? Content
validity Is the test fully representative of
what it aims to measure? Face validity Does the
content of the test appear to be suitable to its
aims? Criterion validity Do the results
correspond to a different test of the same thing?
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Questions for Guest Speaker

• Researcher
• Q1. What are the characteristic of proper
  research in your opinion?
• Q2. As a researcher, what is the most common
  problem
• Q3. What research skills have you acquired after
  completing one or more projects?
• Q4. As a researcher, how do you ensure that your
  research is reliable and valid? How do you
  determine what resources you will need to
  initiate and complete a project?
• Q5. What is the toughest and easiest part being a
  researcher?