Title: Get Typhoid Vaccination for Travel
1Get Typhoid Vaccination for Travel
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2The disease is caused by the bacteria Salmonella
Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, B or C. Typhoid
is transmitted by food and drink that has been
contaminated with human faeces or urine
(faecal-oral route). Typhoid can be found
throughout the world but it is more common in
countries where water or food supplies are liable
to be contaminated with human excreta especially
in Africa, the Indian Sub-continent, South East
Asia and South America.
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3Mild Fever Constipation or sometimes
diarrhoea Abdominal pain, loss of
appetite Myalgia and headache Faint pink rose
spot rash can occasionally be seen Severe Diss
eminated disease with multi organ
involvement Intestinal perforation Meningitis
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4The risks for travelers Consumption of food and
drink that has been contaminated with faeces or
urine from a human case or carrier direct faecal
oral contamination can also occur. As with all
other illnesses spread by the faecal oral route,
precautionary measures should be taken to avoid
consumption of potentially contaminated drinks
and drinking water and to ensure food is
uncontaminated or cooked thoroughly. Personal
hygiene when eating and drinking is also
important including hand washing prior to eating
and using clean plates, cups and utensils.
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5Typhoid Vaccination Vaccination should be
considered under the following circumstances and
is dependent on the individual risk
assessment. Vaccination is recommended for
travellers to high risk areas where food and
water may be contaminated.
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6Travel to low risk areas vaccination may be
recommended only to those staying in conditions
with poor sanitation and unable to maintain their
own hygiene precautions e.g. hand hygiene and
water purification. Long term travellers staying
for long periods. A previous typhoid illness
does not confer reliable immunity and, when
indicated, vaccine should still be used.
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