What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

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MOHAK INFERTILITY CENTRE
Our Location
SAIMS Campus,Indore-Ujjain state highway, Near
MR-10 crossing,Indore (M.P.)-453111
Dr. Shilpa Bhandari
MD GynaecologyDM Reproductive Medicine and
Surgery
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What is polycystic ovary syndrome
What is PCOS?
Most women with PCOS grow a number of small
cysts, or fluid-filled sacs, on their ovaries.
The cysts are not harmful, but they can lead to
an imbalance in hormone levels.
Women with PCOS may also experience menstrual
cycle abnormalities, increased androgen (sex
hormone) levels, excess hair growth, acne, and
obesity.
In addition to the many health conditions
associated with PCOS, which will be discussed in
this article, PCOS is the most common cause of
infertility in women because it can prevent
ovulation.
Women who can conceive with PCOS have a higher
incidence of miscarriage, gestational diabetes,
pregnancy-induced high blood pressure,
preeclampsia, and premature delivery.
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Causes
Currently, there is no known cause of PCOS.
However, there are associations with excess
insulin, low-grade inflammation, and genetics.
Symptoms
Apart from cysts on the ovaries, symptoms of PCOS
include

• irregular menses
• excess androgen levels
• sleep apnea
• high stress levels
• high blood pressure
• skin tags
• infertility

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• acne, oily skin, and dandruff
• high cholesterol and triglycerides
• acanthosis nigricans, or dark patches of skin
• fatigue
• female pattern balding
• insulin resistance
• type 2 diabetes
• pelvic pain
• depression and anxiety
• weight management difficulties including weight
  gain or difficulty losing weight
• excessive facial and body hair growth, known as
  hirsutism
• decreased libido

Tests and diagnosis
No single test can determine the presence of
PCOS, but a doctor can diagnose the condition
through medical history, a physical exam that
includes a pelvic exam, and blood tests to
measure hormone, cholesterol, and glucose
levels.
An ultrasound may be used to look at the uterus
and ovaries.
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Treatment
There is no cure for PCOS, but treatment aims to
manage the symptoms that affect an individual.
This will depend on whether the individual wants
to become pregnant and aims to reduce the risk of
secondary medical conditions, such as heart
disease and diabetes.
There are several recommended treatment options,
including
Birth control pills These can help regulate
hormones and menstruation. Diabetes
medications These help manage diabetes, if
necessary. Fertility medications If pregnancy
is desired, these include the use of clomiphene
(Clomid), a combination of clomiphene and
metformin, or injectable gonadotropins, such as
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH) medications. In certain
situations, letrozole (Femara) may be recommended.
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Fertility treatments These include in-vitro
fertilization (IVF) or inseminations.
Excessive hair growth may be reduced with the
drug spironolactone (Aldactone) or eflornithine
(Vaniqa). Finasteride (Propecia) may also be
recommended, but it should not be handled by
women who may become pregnant.
Anyone using spironolactone should use birth
control, due to the risk of birth defects if
taken while pregnant. Breast-feeding on this
medication is not recommended.
Other possible options to manage hair growth is
laser hair removal, electrolysis, hormonal
treatments, or vitamin and mineral use.
Surgical options include
Ovarian drilling Tiny holes made in the ovaries
can reduce the levels of androgens being
produced. Oophorectomy Surgery removes one or
both ovaries. Hysterectomy This involves removal
of all or part of the uterus. Cyst
aspiration Fluid is removed from the cyst.
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Pregnancy and menopause
Women who are affected by PCOS may experience the
effects throughout their lifetime.
There may be an increased risk of miscarriage,
gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm
births.
After delivery, there is an increased risk of the
newborn being placed in the neonatal intensive
care unit or death before, during, or soon after
birth. These complications are more common in
multiple births, for example, twins or triplets.
Symptoms such as excessive hair growth and male
pattern baldness can last beyond menopause and
may become worse.
With aging also comes the risk of the secondary
health complications related to PCOS, including
heart disease.
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Contact Details
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80852-77666 / 97550-44424 / 0731-4231756 Address
- SAIMS Campus,Indore-Ujjain state highway,Near
MR-10 crossing, Indore (M.P.) Visit our
website- https//www.mohakivf.com for more
information.
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