steering system

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PRESENTED BYRAMAR.M950617114061FINAL YEAR

• STEERING MECHANISM

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STEERING

• Steering is defined as the parts of the vehicle,
  that controls the direction that it moves in.

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How it works steering is done by moving the
axes of rotation of front wheels with respect to
the chassis frame.
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Layout of steering
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Components of steering system

• Steering Wheel
• Shaft
• Steering gear
• Drop Arm or Pitman Arm
• Ball joints
• Drag Link
• Steering arm
• Stub Axle
• Left Spindle and King pin
• Tie Rod
• Steering stops

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Types of Steering System

• Mechanical Steering
• Hydraulic power steering
• Electric Power Steering

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• Mechanical steering

• Mechanical steering is also known as manual or
  non power steering.

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• Mechanical Steering was introduced in worlds
  first car it was invented by Karl Benz and
  Daimler

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in big vehicles there was no power steering in
earlier stages.It was difficult to drive Big
vehicles like Buses , Trucks.
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Advantages of mechanical steering

• Fewer Parts. Rack and pinion steering tends to be
  more precise because there are fewer parts and
  pivot points.
• Reducing the number of parts in a system also
  reduces the weight.
• Fewer Parts

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Disadvantages

• At slow speeds you would need to put in a lot of
  effort to turn the wheels and this can be tiring
  if you drive on a roads with twists, like on a
  hill.

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Hydraulic power steering

• Hydraulic power steering systems work by using
  a hydraulic system to multiply force applied to
  the steering wheel inputs to the vehicle's
  steered road wheels.
• The hydraulic pressure typically comes from a
  gerotor or rotary vane pump driven by the
  vehicle's engine.

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Layout of hydraulic power steering
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Advantages disadvantages

• ADVANTAGES
• Easy to turn large in slow speed.
• It requires less manual effort.

• DISADVANTAGES
• Oil leakage
• Back stroke
• More maintenance
• Requires additional power from the engine.

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Electric Power Steering
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What is Electric power steering system ?

• Electrically powered steering uses an electric
  motor to drive either the power steering
  hydraulic pump or the steering linkage directly.
• The power steering function is therefore
  independent of engine speed, resulting in
  specific energy savings.

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Electric power steering system

• Hydraulic power steering system uses hydraulic
  pump Which is run by electric motor.
• Where as, in EPS system electric motor is
  directly attached to steering rack via gear
  mechanism (no pump or fluid).

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Layout of electric power steering system
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Electric Motor Location Types

• COLUMN TYPE
• PINION TYPE
• RACK TYPE
• DOUBLE PINION TYPE

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EPS system consists of-

• Torque Sensor
• E C U ( Electronic Control Unit )
• Electric Motor
• Reduction Gear

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Operational Mechanism Of EPS
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Classification of EPS

• The E P S system literally means that steering
  operation is entirely done by electronic
  /electrical means and no mechanical linkage
  exists between steering wheel and steered rod
  wheels.
• Basically two formations are possible, they are,
• Using Steering Wheel Control
• Using Joystick Control

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Electronic Control System

• Sensors
• Positive Sensors
• Digital Positive Sensors
• Speed Sensors
• E C U ( Electronic Control Unit )
• Actuators
• Power Supply

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Construction and Working
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Comparison between EPS and HPS

• Simple in Design
• Lighter in Weight
• Require less maintenance as hydraulic fluid is
  not used
• Gives better responses at different speed
• Because of less problem faults thus, it is
  durable than H P S
• More mileage

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ADVANTAGES

• Increased reliability
• Improved fuel economy
• As hydraulic fluid is not needed it is
  environment friendly
• Simplify Design
• Using joystick only one hand is sufficient to
  drive the vehicle
• Self-diagnostic systems makes maintenance easy
  and cheap
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References

• Automobile Engineering book by Dr.K.Vijayaragavan
  ( pg no4.1-4.37)
• Wikipedia https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering
• https//carbiketech.com/vehicle-steering-system/