Harnessing the Potential of Unstructured Healthcare Data

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81 of individuals went to a healthcare provider
at least once in the last year. While that is not
surprising, pairing it with another stat tells a
very different story. 80 of healthcare data is
unstructured today. Unstructured data serves a
critical purpose, but it cannot be pigeonholed.
And when billions of patients are concerned, the
very nature of unstructured data gives way to
inefficient care on a grand scale.
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According to a survey by HIMSS Media, 56 of
healthcare professionals cited unstructured data
as a key barrier to optimizing clinical
workflows. Structured data in spreadsheets and
relational databases are presented in a way that
facilitates easier search and analysis. It is
functional. But unstructured data in handwritten
prescriptions and pathology reports defy rigid
rules and systems to convey a deeper awareness of
a patients condition. It can be insightful.
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The Dichotomy of Structured and Unstructured
Data
The importance of both kinds of data depends on
how they are managed. Structured data lends
itself to the organization and mechanical
analysis, a task befitting most current systems.
Imagine a spreadsheet sprawling with names,
dates, heights, weights, currencies, blood types,
diagnostic codes, and many more values. Such
data is mandatory for insurance companies in the
event of reimbursement claims. Its management is
more straightforward and requires little human
intervention.
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However, structured data has clinical value as it
is backed by unstructured data. The problem lies
in the inability of typical analytic solutions to
analyze this data since it exists in the form of
free text and narrative. Heres a hypothetical
situation at a clinic Hello, doc, Im here for
my monthly checkup. Yes, of course, please
have a seat. Lets take a look at your vitals.
Your blood pressure is 130/80, a little on the
higher side.
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Is that manageable, doc? Of course! But you
shouldnt take too much stress. How does your
schedule look like this week? Ill be at work
for most days of the week. I was planning to take
a leave on Thursday, its my daughters birthday.
But theres some urgent business at work so I
wasnt sure about taking it.
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I would urge you to take that leave. With your
busy schedule, you could do 10 to 15 minutes of
meditation every day. Perhaps this stress at work
is making you spend less time with your family.
Get out of the office early whenever possible.
Im prescribing a diuretic for you as well as a
chest X-ray. Take the medicine for a week and pay
me a visit once you get the report. Thanks,
doc. Ill try to follow what you said. Please
do. Take care.
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A 130/80 level of blood pressure and the
prescribed diuretic can fit neatly in a
spreadsheet. But the recommendations of
meditation and spending more time at home cannot.
The forthcoming X-ray report wont find a place
either. Yet it is those bits of information that
reveal a lot more about the patients current and
future state of health than a single blood
pressure level or a medication. Both these facts
might be specific to the patient but are also
generic in the information they convey.
A study in the Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association (JAMIA) states that
real-world data in electronic health records
(EHRs) provide more accuracy, but only when it is
mined by trained algorithms. The study found that
with structured EHR data, the average precision
and recall were 98.3 and 51.7 respectively.
With unstructured data, the corresponding rates
were 95.3 and 95.5.
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