What Are the Exams and Tests for Glaucoma?

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What Are the Exams and Tests for Glaucoma?
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Many different methods are used to measure
pressure within the eye. Other tests determine
whether you have glaucoma and how advanced your
glaucoma may be. Most diagnostic tests need to be
repeated on a regular basis to follow the
presence or progression of glaucoma.
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Air puff test The "air puff" test is the most
common. This test is a way to measure the IOP
without having to actually touch the eye. For
this test, you sit in front of a machine with
your chin resting on a brace. The eye doctor
points a small jet directly at your eye. This jet
then delivers a quick puff of air onto the
surface of your eye. By measuring the response of
the eye to the puff of air, the doctor can make a
rough estimate of the intraocular pressure. This
is a good screening test for elevated IOP, but it
is not very accurate.
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Direct tonometry Direct tonometry on the surface
of the front part of the eye is a much more
accurate measurement of IOP. It, however,
requires greater skill and expertise to perform.
A sensor is placed gently on the surface of an
anesthetized eye, and a very accurate IOP is
measured.
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Dilation An examination to inspect the back of
the eye through dilated (widened) pupils is
required to diagnose glaucoma. To do this, drops
are put into the eyes to enlarge, or dilate, the
pupils. This allows the eye doctor to see more of
the inside of the eye. An eye doctor can
recognize a characteristic divot or depression in
the optic nerve at the back of the eye caused by
damage from the elevated eye pressure. This
enlargement is called "cupping" of the optic
nerve and means the condition may be relatively
advanced.
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Perimetry Another test, perimetry, is used to
determine the presence of defects within the
visual fields, particularly vision to the side
(called your peripheral vision). Because people
with glaucoma tend to lose their vision from the
outer edges to the center, checking peripheral
vision is very important. In perimetry, a machine
is used to test your peripheral vision. You are
asked to look at a series of blinking lights. By
recording when you see the lights, an accurate
map of your peripheral vision can be made. If you
have glaucoma, you will have decreased peripheral
vision. This test can be performed to follow the
progress of your glaucoma or to determine the
severity of the initial diagnosis.
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More Post - What Is the Medical Treatment for
Glaucoma?
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