Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Complications

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Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its
Complications
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Content

• Introduction
• Difference Between Normal Affected Eye
• Complications
• Causes and risk factors
• Diagnosis
• About Specialist

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Introduction

• As everyone knows that DR is very serious eye
  disorder and it affects many individuals because
  of lack of knowledge of Diabetic care.
• Hence by considering this point Dr. Ashwini
  Misal, who is well experience eye specialist in
  Pashan has written this article to aware
  individuals about eye care of people with
  Diabetes.

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Difference between Normal affected eye
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Complications
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Vitreous hemorrhage

• Eye fill with vitreous gel which is leaked from a
  newly formed blood vessel and it leads to stop
  light from reaching the retina.
• It shows symptoms such as sensitivity to light,
  or floaters in milder cases and loss of vision.
• if the retina remains undamaged then this
  complication can resolve itself.

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Detached Retina

• The retina can be pulled away from the back of
  the eye by scar tissue.
• That leads to the appearance of floating spots in
  the persons field of vision, and serious vision
  loss.
• If detached retina left untreated then it
  presents a significant risk of all total vision
  loss

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Glaucoma

• As new vessels get formed , the normal flow of
  fluid in eye get blocked.
• Due to this blockage, ocular pressure created in
  the eye and leads to increase risk of optical
  damage of nerves and total vision loss.

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Causes and Risk Factors
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Anybody with diabetes is at risk of developing
diabetic retinopathy. However, there is a major
risk if the person
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• The key cause of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is
  damage to the network of blood vessels that
  nourishes the retina.
• High glucose levels lead to damage these blood
  vessels and restrict the blood flow to the
  retina.
• The problems or issues with the blood vessels can
  be as tiny or as mild bulges in the vessel
  membrane that occasionally causes leakage of
  blood without affecting vision.
• However, in the mature stages of the condition,
  these blood vessels may get blocked completely.

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• Then eye produces less stable new blood vessels.
• The new vessels get broken easily and leak into
  the vitreous gel of the eye.
• Due to bleeding vision becomes patchy and blurred
  by further blocking the retina.
• On occasion, this bleeding leads to form scars
  that may separate the eye and the retina and
  causing to detached retina.
• As symptoms started devolving in individual, DR
  gets increased and results in to complete vision
  loss.

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Diagnosis

• Diabetic retinopathy normally gets started
  without any noticeable or specific change in
  vision sight.
• However, an eye specialist or ophthalmologist,
  can predict the signs.
• It is crucial for people who are suffering from
  diabetes to have an eye examination at least once
  or twice yearly, or when recommended by a eye
  physician.

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DR Diagnosis Methods
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Dilated Eye Exam

• The doctor inserts drops into the individual's
  eyes.
• These drops dilate the pupils and it allows the
  specialist to view or check inside of the eye in
  a more detailed manner.
• Photos of the interior of the eye are taken.

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The doctor can detect the presence of following
during the eye examination

• abnormal issues in the optic nerve, or retina,
  blood vessels,
• cataracts
• minute or major changes in eye pressure or
  overall vision
• new blood vessels
• detachment of retina
• scar tissue

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Fluorescein angiography

• To dilate the pupils drops are used and the Dye
  which is injected into vein in the patients arm
  is called fluorescein.
• When dye is circulating through the eyes the
  pictures are taken. If blood vessels are abnormal
  then that dye may stain the blood vessels or leak
  in to retina.
• This test helps to determine which blood vessels
  are leaking fluid, blocked, or broken down. Then
  any of laser treatments can be guided accurately.
  As the dye exits the body, skin may turn urine
  dark orange or yellowish after 24 hours of test,

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

• High-resolution cross-sectional images of the
  retina which reveals its thickness are obtained
  by this noninvasive imaging scan.
• Scans may be used after any treatment to check
  effectiveness of that treatment.
• OCT is very similar to ultrasound test but it
  makes the use of light instead of sound to
  produce images.
• The scan can also help to detect diseases of the
  optic nerve or retina.

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About Dr. Ashwini Misal

• Dr. Ashwini Misal is a senior doctor - practicing
  and performing as Ophthalmologist, at Prakash
  Netralaya (Eye clinic in Bavdhan), since 2007
  (last 11 years). She completed her M.B.B.S
  D.O.M.S from University of Pune. She has
  performed more than 2000 eye surgeries.
• She has experience of IOL Fellowship in
• Arvind Eye Hospital Coimbatore, Tamilnadu.
• Eye-Bank Observership at L.V.
• Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad.
• For more details please visit
  http//prakashnetralaya.in

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