Internet Speed Requirements for Video Streaming

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Internet speed requirements for video streaming
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Introduction

• Video has been an important media for
  communications and entertainment for many
  decades. Movie is a form of entertainment that
  enacts a story by screening a series of images
  giving the delusion of continuous movement. The
  trick was already known in second-century china,
  but remained inquisitiveness up to the end of the
  19th century. The invention of motion picture
  camera around 1888 allowed the individual
  component images to be captured and stored on a
  single reel. For the first time, this has made
  possible the process of recording scenes in an
  automatic manner.

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Architecture for video streaming

• Figure 1 shows architecture for video streaming
  and it is divided into six areas as follows
  media compression, application-layer qos control,
  media distribution services, streaming servers,
  media synchronization at the receiver side, and
  streaming media protocols.

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Architecture for video streaming
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On-demand multimedia streaming

• Video on demand (vod) also known as on-demand
  video streaming is a great way of viewing films
  and television programs. Vod service enables
  immediate distribution of video streams to users,
  from the beginning of the content, regardless of
  the time at which the service request arrives in
  relation to other on-going streaming sessions.
  Typically, these video files are stored in a set
  of central video servers, and distributed through
  high speed communication networks to
  geographically-dispersed clients.

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On-demand multimedia streaming
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On-demand multimedia streaming
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Live video streaming

• In this case, the most important challenge is the
  play-out delay, that is to say the time elapsing
  between the content production and its play-out.
  The lone action that the client should be able to
  carry out is to switch channels. The end-user
  experience is similar to a live TV broadcast as
  all of the users will intend to watch the most
  recently generated content. The popular live
  video streaming service is internet protocol
  television (IPTV). The official definition
  approved by the international telecommunication
  union focus group on IPTV is as follows "
  multimedia services such as television/video/audio
  /text/graphics/data delivered over IP based
  networks managed to provide the required level of
  quality of service and experience, security,
  interactivity and reliability."

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Live video streaming
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Challenges in P2P streaming

• Over the past few years, P2P networks have
  appeared as an auspicious method for the delivery
  of multimedia content over a large network. The
  intrinsic characteristics make the P2P model a
  potential candidate to solve various problems in
  multimedia streaming over the internet 54. The
  P2P streaming is more elegant because of two
  reasons. First, P2P does not need support from
  internet routers and thereby cost effective and
  simple to deploy. Second, a peer simultaneously
  acts as a client as well as server, thus
  downloading a video stream and at the same time
  uploading it to other peers watching the program.
  Consequently, the P2P streaming significantly
  decreases the bandwidth needs of the source.

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Challenges in P2P streaming
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Bitgravity

• Bitgravity offers a live streaming service called
  BG live that enables organizations to broadcast
  live content over the internet to audiences
  around the globe. This guide provides simple,
  step-by-step instructions on whats required and
  how to stream live with BG live, the live
  streaming product from bitgravity.

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Video coding standards

• Raw or uncompressed video is neither suitable for
  transmission nor for storage and distribution.
  Different bandwidth is supported by different
  networks. Even with good increase in the
  bandwidth capacity in the last decade the current
  transmission rates are insufficient to transmit
  uncompressed video in real time for applications
  like video conferencing and live video streaming.
  Similarly an uncompressed video takes more space
  as compared to compressed video. Video
  compression algorithms operate by removing
  redundancy in the temporal, spatial and frequency
  domains.

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Video coding standards
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Peer-to-peer streaming

• Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is a distributed
  architecture in which the participating nodes
  share the work loads. In contrast to multicast
  architecture it does not require support from
  internet routers and network infrastructure. Each
  newly joined node not only downloads a portion of
  the content but also uploads to other peers in
  the network. Thus scaling becomes easy as more
  nodes or peers mean more resources. It has become
  the most popular architecture for file sharing
  systems like bittorrent. File sharing systems are
  not real time dependent as compared to
  applications like video streaming or broadcast
  that need stringent realtime deadlines to be met.

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Peer-to-peer streaming
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