Classification of Inorganic Nanomaterials

1
Classification of Inorganic Nanomaterials
2
1 Introduction

• Inorganic nanomaterials have been widely used in
  various fields due to their excellent mechanical
  properties, optical properties, magnetic
  properties, electrical properties, catalytic
  properties, thermal properties and sensitivity
  properties. According to different sources of
  nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials can be
  divided into two categories one is non-metallic
  materials such as mesoporous silica and carbon
  nanomaterials, and the other is metal materials
  such as gold nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite
  nanoparticles.

3
2 Non-metallic inorganic nanomaterials
4
2.1 Mesoporous silica nano-particles

• Mesoporous silica nano-particles (MSNs) are
  silica nanoparticles having a particle diameter
  of 10-600 nm and a pore diameter of 2-50 nm.
  Interfacial polymerization is usually carried out
  using a surfactant or an amphiphilic block
  copolymer as a template and an inorganic source,
  and finally the template is removed by high
  temperature calcination or extraction to retain
  the porous structure formed by the silica
  skeleton. Mesoporous silica is a new type of
  inorganic nanomaterial with unique network pore
  structure, continuously adjustable pore size,
  large specific surface area and specific pore
  volume, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility
  and stability.

5
2.2 Carbon nanomaterial

• Nanomaterials composed of carbon are various in
  variety and form, such as graphite with sp2
  structure, diamond with sp3 structure, and
  amorphous carbon black. In recent years, various
  new carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon
  nanotubes, fullerenes and carbon quantum dots
  have attracted widespread attention. Carbon
  nanomaterials have unique structures and
  properties, such as large specific surface area,
  photothermal effect and unique fluorescence
  properties, so they have unique application value
  in drug controlled release, fluorescent tracing,
  photothermal therapy and so on.

6

• 3 Metal inorganic nanomaterials

7
3.1 Magnetic nano-iron oxide materials

• When the size of the material is as small as
  nanometers, its magnetic properties change.
  Magnetic nano-iron oxide materials have good
  chemical stability, biocompatibility and high
  magnetic responsiveness, so they have shown broad
  application prospects in drug-targeted
  transportation, tumor treatment, magnetic fluids
  and chemical sensing.

8
3.2 Silver nanoparticles

• Silver nanocomposite particles contain 20-15000
  silver atoms and they typically have a smaller
  diameter of no more than 100 nm. Due to the
  surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy effect, small
  particle size effect, and large specific surface
  area of nano-silver, it has good antibacterial
  effect. Silver nanocomposites are also antiviral,
  so silver nanocomposites are widely used in many
  fields such as medical devices and wound
  treatment.

9
3.3 Gold Nanoparticles

• Nano gold refers to the alloy sol with a diameter
  of 0.8-250 mm, which belongs to the earliest
  studied species of nano-metal materials. Gold
  nanoparticles has good nano-surface effects,
  quantum effects, and macroscopic quantum
  tunneling effects. It also has many good chemical
  properties such as antioxidant activity and
  biocompatibility.

10
3.4 Nano-hydroxyaptite

• Nano-hydroxyaptite (nHAP) is a ceramic porous
  inorganic material with good solubility. It has
  large surface energy, good biological activity
  and biocompatibility, so it can be used as a
  biological material for bone transplantation and
  can improve the mechanical function of bones.

11
3.5 Layered double hydroxide

• The layered double hydroxide is composed of a
  divalent metal ion and a trivalent metal ion, and
  its layered structure has a memory effect, and
  the anions between the layers are exchangeable.
  It has special acidity and alkalinity,
  fluorescence properties and thermal stability. It
  is low in toxicity, and can meet the
  biocompatibility requirements of tissues, blood
  and immunity, and it is also biodegradable. The
  acidic environment within the cell allows the
  layered double metal hydroxide to dissolve into
  ions, which are discharged outside the cell
  through ion channels on the cell membrane. Using
  layered double hydroxide as a drug carrier can
  improve the efficiency of drug delivery and
  enhance the solubility of drugs.