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• PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 (basic principle of
  equality)
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• Singer reasons for what he calls the basic
  principle of equality. What is this principle
  and how is it supposed to be applied? What
  reasoning does he give that this principle should
  be applied to non-human animals? Do you agree? On
  what basis do you think we should determine which
  types of beings should be treated with equal
  moral consideration?

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• PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 (Tom Regan and Peter
  Singer)
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• Tom Regan and Peter Singer disagree about the
  best approach to animal ethics. What basic things
  do they agree about?
• What do they disagree about?
• How would their different views result in
  different conclusions about how animals should be
  treated?
• Which of the two do you think gives a more
  rationally justifiable approach to discussing
  animal ethics and why?

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• PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 Peter Singer and
  Animal Rights
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• Peter Singer argues that eating meat is
  speciesism because it involves sacrificing the
  most important interests of members of other
  species for relatively trivial interests of our
  own species. Do you think Singer is correct or
  incorrect on this point? Is "speciesism" a real
  thing like racism or sexism? Why or why not?

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• PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Drones)
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• After watching the videos Drones are Ethical
  and Drones are Not Ethical, provide at least
  one argument to show that the use of drones can
  be justified by utilitarian reasoning.
• And one argument to show that the use of drones
  cannot be justified by such reasoning.
• Complete your post by identifying which of these
  arguments you think is the most compelling,

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• PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Primary Goal)
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• If the primary goal of utilitarianism is to
  generate the greatest good for the greatest
  number, a secondary goal is to minimize
  suffering. Using at least one quote from one of
  the required readings, discuss the ways in which
  these two principles are consistent or
  inconsistent with each other. If you think they
  are consistent, provide a real or imagined
  example that illustrates this

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• PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Singer and Moral
  Justification)
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• Singer argues that there is no moral
  justification for denying moral consideration to
  animals. Can you think of a good moral reason why
  our moral consideration should include all
  humans, even those without the ability to reason,
  yet be denied to all non-human animals (some of
  whom have that ability)? What response might he
  have to your way of drawing the line between the
  types of beings that should get moral
  consideration and those that should not?

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• PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Tom Regan)
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• Tom Regan says that we all have equal inherent
  value by virtue of being experiencing subjects
  of a life. What does it mean to be an
  experiencing subject of a life? Do you think
  that being the subject of a life means that one
  has equal inherent value? Does it follow from
  that view that animals should be given rights to
  life and freedom?

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• PHI 208 Week 2 Quiz
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• PHI 208 Week 2 Quiz
• 1. Question According to the
  video Meet Your Meat, which of the following is
  true of how animals are slaughtered on factory
  farms
• 2. Question In what way does
  Peter Singer think that speciesism is similar to
  racism and sexism?
• 3. Question According to chapter
  2 of Understanding Philosophy, utilitarianism is
  a form of what broader kind of ethical theory?

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
  Theory (Equal Pay for Equal Work)
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• Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
  Theory (Gender Equality Ethics)
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• Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
  Theory (Just War Military Ethics)
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• Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
  Theory (Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal)
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• Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.
• Overview

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Hero)
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• Think of someone real or fictional whom some
  people regard as a hero for helping others,
  stopping something bad or evil, and so forth,
  even though by doing so they violated what would
  normally be considered a moral rule (focus on
  morality don't simply think of someone who broke
  the law). For example, they may have lied, broken
  a promise, stolen, harmed someone innocent, or
  even murdered, but done so with good intentions.
  (Note this last part is crucial make sure you
  explain what it was that they did that would
  otherwise be morally questionable. Also, it need
  not be someone you think is a hero.)

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Kant Right Action)
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• Kant famously states that the only thing good
  without qualification is a good will. On this
  basis, he holds that we can do the right action
  but not out of a good will, and that only actions
  done from a good will are morally praiseworthy.
  Do you agree with Kant? Provide an example (real
  or made up) of someone doing a good thing but out
  of a motive other than that of a good will, and
  give reasons for why you think Kant is right, or
  why you think Kant is wrong that this action
  lacks moral value. Discuss the importance of the
  will and how one can attempt to create a good
  will. If you do not think a good will is
  important discuss your reasons for believing that
  the will is not important in ethical action.

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Kants formulations)
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• One of Kants formulations of the Categorical
  Imperative says that one should always treat
  humanity, whether in oneself or in another,
  always as an end and never merely as a means.
  Briefly explain what that means. Consider a
  specific example from the world of business,
  either one that you have directly encountered or
  one you heard or read about, in which a company
  honored this principle, and consider another
  example in which a company failed to honor this
  principle.

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Morally Permissible to
  lie)
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• Is it ever morally permissible to lie to someone?
  Describe a circumstance in which it seems that
  lying might make more people happy than telling
  the truth. Would lying be the right thing to do
  in that circumstance, or is it our moral duty to
  tell the truth, even then? Consider what
  Immanuel Kant would say, and explain that with
  reference to this weeks readings. Then, offer
  your own perspective. If you agree with Kant,
  consider and respond to an objection to his view.

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• PHI 208 Week 3 Quiz
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• PHI 208 Week 3 Quiz
• 1. Question Michael Walzer
  argues that in the unique world of war, both
  morality and authority are
• 2. Question Nagels argument in
  War and Massacre that hostility or aggression
  should be directed at its true object means that
  which of the following would probably not be
  permissible?
• 3. Question In War and
  Massacre, Thomas Nagel argues that all rules of
  engagement should be governed by the principle
  that

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotle)
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• Aristotle says that the virtues are necessary for
  humans to attain happiness, but he means this in
  terms of something we might call flourishing or
  living well, which he considers quite different
  than simply feeling good. Thus, according to
  Aristotle some people might feel that they are
  happy, but because they lack the virtues they are
  not truly flourishing.

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotles account of
  eudaimonia)
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• Is it possible for individuals to flourish if
  others with whom they are connected are not also
  flourishing? Consider this with respect to
  Aristotles account of eudaimonia, as well as the
  other readings and media. Identify a community
  or practice in which you are involved in which
  the flourishing of the individual is tied to the
  flourishing of others. Does this require that we
  limit certain rights pertaining to the individual
  (for instance, the right to free speech or to
  pursue monetary gain), in order to promote the
  flourishing of the group within that context?

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotles virtue
  ethics)
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• An important aspect of Aristotles virtue ethics
  is the idea that virtues are habits that we
  acquire over time, and like any habit, virtues
  affect not just what we do, but our desires and
  emotions as well. Focusing on either Hills
  article or Robinsons article, how might this be
  important when discussing environmental ethics or
  military ethics (focus your discussion on just
  one of those, but feel free to discuss the other
  in reply to other peoples posts)?

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (flourishing or
  successful life)
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• What are two virtues that you believe are
  important to living a flourishing or successful
  life in either Aristotles sense? Explain what
  goods in human life these virtues enable their
  possessor to fulfill. Provide examples of
  characteristic behavior that manifests these
  virtues, and contrast that with behavior that
  displays a lack of virtue. Do your examples
  confirm Aristotles view that a virtue is a mean
  between extremes of excess and defect? If so,
  explain what those extremes are if not, explain
  why. Refer to this weeks readings and media to
  illustrate and support your claims.

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Impact on the
  Environment)
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• Identify an area of life that has an impact on
  the environment (including non-human animals),
  and explain how the possession or lack of virtue
  may make a difference to how one conducts oneself
  within that practice with respect to that
  environmental impact. In other words, when it
  comes to our relation to the environment, what
  attitudes and behaviors would be characteristic
  of a virtuous person, and what attitudes and
  behaviors may be characteristic of a person who

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (MacIntyre's account of
  practices)
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• Referring to MacIntyre's account of practices and
  virtue, outline a practice in your own life that
  you believe requires certain virtues in order to
  do well. Explain what the practice is, what the
  "internal goods" of the practice are and how they
  differ from certain"external goods" (such as
  money, prestige, power, etc.), and attempt to
  determine the virtues that one must have in order
  to excel in the practice. In other words, what
  are virtues that make one a good practitioner of
  this practice? What are some vices that get in
  the way of doing this practice well?

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (virtuous soldier)
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• What does it mean to be a virtuous soldier?
  Identify three virtues that a soldier needs in
  order to be an excellent soldier and then explain
  why. Create a scenario that a soldier might face
  during war or some other stressful event, and
  explain what the virtuous soldier would do in the
  situation, and which specific virtues the soldier
  would demonstrate. Refer to the readings and
  media, including Robinsons article, Magnanimity
  and Integrity as Military Virtues, where
  appropriate.

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• PHI 208 Week 4 Quiz
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• PHI 208 Week 4 Quiz
• 1. Question In Ideals of Human
  Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments,
  Thomas Hill claims that a fruitful way to think
  about the badness of destroying the environment
  is
• 2. Question In the article
  Magnanimity and Integrity as Military Virtues,
  Robinson agrees with Aquinas idea that
• 3. Question In Aristotles view,
  how are the virtues acquired?

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• PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (Condition for men and
  women)
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• Using the readings and media from the
  week, explain how society creates different
  conditions for men and women.  Identify and
  explain at least two ways in which society is
  structured such that men and women are treated
  differently and explain why this treatment is
  just or unjust.  What is a potential feminist
  ethical response to this situation and which of
  the thinkers from the week relate to your
  justification for the response?

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• PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (feminist ethical
  thinking)
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• Describe the ethical theory that you have studied
  in this course that differs the most from what
  you consider to be feminist ethical thinking.
  Utilizing the readings and media from the course,
  explain specific components of the theories that
  demonstrate the differences between the theory
  you choose and feminist theory.

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• PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (Virginia Helds
  article)
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• Using Virginia Helds article Feminist
  Transformations of Ethical Theory as a
  foundation, explain three things that you did not
  know about feminist thought that you found
  interesting and/or informative. What were those
  things? Why are they interesting or informative?
  How do they relate to the view that you now hold
  of ethics and how one can live a good life?
  Explain why you do or do not think that feminist
  ethics could be a fruitful transformation of
  ethical theory and practice in the Western
  tradition.?

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• PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Equal Pay for Equal
  Work)
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• Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.

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PHI 208 (Ash) Seek Your Dream /newtonhelp.com

• PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Gender Equality
  Ethics)
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•  
• Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.
• Overview

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PHI 208 (Ash) Seek Your Dream /newtonhelp.com

• PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Just War Military
  Ethics)
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• Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.
• Overview

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PHI 208 (Ash) Seek Your Dream /newtonhelp.com

• PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Should Physician
  Assisted Suicide Be Legal)
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• Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
  assignment instructions before writing your
  paper, and re-read them often during and after
  the writing process to make sure that you are
  fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
  utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
  model provided.

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• PHI 208 Week 5 Quiz
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• PHI 208 Week 5 Quiz
• 1. Question In Feminist
  Transformation of Moral Theory, Virginia Held
  claims that which abstract concept has guided the
  development of Western ethics?
• 2. Question In Carol Gilligans
  example from In a Different Voice, the child
  named Amy focuses on which aspect of the Heinz
  dilemma?

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