A Safer CAR T Therapy Is Coming

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A Safer CAR T Therapy Is Coming
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Part 1
Introduction
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Introduction
Two heavy CAR-T therapies have been approved in
2017. Although this revolutionary therapy has
brought hope to patients for treatment that was
once unattainable, there are still some problems
that need to be solved, such as recurrence of
disease, therapeutic toxicity, and specific
killing. To solve these problems, Dr. Wilson Wong
of Boston University and his team designed a new
type of CAR-T therapy, which is expected to
become the 2.0 version of CAR-T therapy.
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Introduction
Two heavy CAR-T therapies have been approved in
2017. Although this revolutionary therapy has
brought hope to patients for treatment that was
once unattainable, there are still some problems
that need to be solved, such as recurrence of
disease, therapeutic toxicity, and specific
killing. To solve these problems, Dr. Wilson Wong
of Boston University and his team designed a new
type of CAR-T therapy, which is expected to
become the 2.0 version of CAR-T therapy.
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Introduction
Two heavy CAR-T therapies have been approved in
2017. Although this revolutionary therapy has
brought hope to patients for treatment that was
once unattainable, there are still some problems
that need to be solved, such as recurrence of
disease, therapeutic toxicity, and specific
killing. To solve these problems, Dr. Wilson Wong
of Boston University and his team designed a new
type of CAR-T therapy, which is expected to
become the 2.0 version of CAR-T therapy.
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Part 2
Current Situation
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Introduction
At present, the CAR-T therapy is based on the
following procedures T cells are collected from
the patient's blood, and then the chimeric
antigen receptors (CARs) are expressed on the
surface by genetic engineering. After the new
engineered CAR-T cells are expanded in the
laboratory Then re-injected into the patient to
specifically attack the tumor. However, Dr. Wong
believes that the biggest limitation of the
current CAR-T therapy is that the receptor is a
fixed molecule. After the CAR design has been
expressed by T cells, it cannot be changed. These
transformed T cells can only be allowed to
function after they have been infused into
patients. If everything goes as it pleases, but
if it's counterproductive, a dangerous side
effect may occur -- the cytokine release
syndrome. Cancer cells may also no longer express
the recognized antigen through the escape process
of antigens, thereby avoiding the tracing of
CAR-T cells and causing cancer recurrence.
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Part 3
How to Improve
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Introduction
To improve these limitations of CAR-T therapies,
such as narrow applications, lack of flexibility,
and uncontrollable intensity, Dr. Wong's team
created a separate, universal, and editable
(SUPRA) CAR system. Instead of relying on a
single fixed CAR, the CAR T technology separates
it into two-component receptor systems the
universal receptor zipCARs expressed on T cells,
and the adaptor molecules zipFv, which carries
specific antigen antibodies that can identify
cancer cells. The two components are pulled
through the leucine zipper to guide engineered T
cells to seek and destroy cancer cells. The core
part of this technology is that the retrofitted
CAR-T was established for the two markers of
disease, greatly improving the chance of using
this therapy for refractory solid tumors, and at
the same time improving the therapy for tumors.
The specificity of the organization. It is also a
customizable therapy with better built-in
regulation that can be used to treat specific
types of hematological cancers and solid tumors.
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Another key part of this technology is the
addition of adaptor molecules that can guide T
cells to recognize cancer cells during therapy.
Without these adaptors, T cells will not be
activated. When they are finally cleared, a batch
of adapter molecules can be added to respond to
the new target. This is like an on/off device
that can fine-tune the activity of the treatment
to control toxicity and prevent over-activation
of the patient with dangerous side effects, and
it can also more easily stimulate subsequent
reactions to prevent recurrence.
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Subsequently, Dr. Wong's team tested this new CAR
T service in a mouse model. Mice that were
injected with Her2 positive breast cancer cells
received a dose of zipCAR-T cells and received
appropriate adapter molecules on alternate days
for two weeks. The results show that SUPRA CAR
therapy shows a similar tumor burden clearance
rate as conventional CAR-T therapy. In a
hematological cancer model, mice received daily
injections of adaptor molecules for six days
after receiving engineered T cells and similar
results were obtained, demonstrating that the
SUPRA CAR system addresses the potential of many
different cancer types. Our top priority is to
figure out which types of cancer will really
benefit from such combination targeting and
regulation, said Dr. Wong. This may include
cancers with very high heterogeneity because they
do not have good single markers. Therefore, the
subsequent work will be a major and major
challenge. "Every cancer may need to fine-tune
the adapters," Dr. Wong added.
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A Safer CAR T Therapy Is Coming