Estuaries of Bangladesh

1
(No Transcript)
2
Estuaries Of Bangladesh
3
Submitted To, Mahabubur RahmanAssistant
ProfessorDepartment of Fisheries Marine
ScienceNoakhali Science Technology University

• Submitted By
• Sirajum Muniya
• Roll BKH 1302050F
• Department of Fisheries Marine Science
• Noakhali Science Technology University

4
Session Overview

• Definition of Estuary
• Common Features of Estuary
• Name of Estuaries of Bangladesh
• Major Estuaries of Bangladesh
• Conclusion
• References

5
What is Estuary ?

• The word estuary is derived from Latin aestus
  means tide. An Estuary is a partially enclosed
  body of water formed where freshwater from rivers
  and streams mixes with salty sea water. This
  mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique
  environment that brims with life of all kinds. It
  is a transition zone between the land and sea.

6
Common Characteristics Of Estuaries

• Estuaries are unique ecosystems unlike any other
  on Earth.
• They maintain water quality through natural
  filtration.
• They help maintain biodiversity by providing a
  diverse range of unique habitats. Many species of
  fish and shellfish use estuaries as nursery
  ground to spawn and allow juveniles to grow.
• The estuarine ecosystem is primarily controlled
  by the physical environment i.e., geomorphology,
  climate, salinity, and the availability of fresh
  water.
• Typically estuaries are the tidal mouths of
  rivers, and they are often characterized by
  sedimentation or silt carried in from terrestrial
  runoff.

7
Estuaries of Bangladesh

• Bangladesh is a low lying, riverine country
  located in South Asia with a largely marshy
  jungle coastline of 580 km on the northern
  littoral of the Bay of Bengal.
• It is formed by a delta plain at the confluence
  of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna) and
  Meghna rivers and their tributaries.
• For these reasons, there are many estuaries in
  Bangladesh. Maximum estuaries are river
  estuaries. There are about 20 to 21 estuaries in
  Bangladesh. Some of these are as follows
• 1. The Meghna River Estuary
• 2. The Sundarbans Estuary
• 3. The Hariavhanga River Estuary
• 4. The Haringhata River Estuary

8
Estuaries of Bangladesh

• 5. The Karnafuli River Estuary
• 6. The Muhuri River Estuary
• 7. The Pasour River Estuary
• 8. The Sangu River Estuary
• 9. The Naf River Estuary
• 10. The Matamuhuri River Estuary

9
11. The Icchamati River Estuary12. The Vagirathi
River Estuary13. The Feni River Estuary14. The
Tetulia River Estuary15. The Kirtonkhola River
Estuary16. The Bakkhali River Estuary
10
The Meghna River Estuary

• Meghna river estuary is the largest estuarine
  ecosystem of Bangladesh and support diverse
  fisheries communities compared to others. Meghna
  Estuary is the easternmost sector of the Ganges
  delta.

11
Impacts on Fisheries

• Meghna estuary plays an important role to the
  fisheries sector of Bangladesh.
• The confluence of Padma-Meghna is a very
  significant water body, the major nursery grounds
  of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) and many other
  commercially important riverine fishes of
  Bangladesh
• Meghna estuary possesses an extensive system of
  aquatic ecosystem.
• Cage culture of tilapia in Meghna river is
  presently a dominant water use pattern in this
  area.
• This sector also generates employment opportunity
  which forms the lifeline for rural economy.

12

• The Karnafuli River Estuary
• The largest and most important estuarine river in
  Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts,
  originating in the Lushai hills in Mizoram State
  of India.
• The main tributaries of the Karnafuli are the
  Kasalong, Chengi, Halda and Dhurung on the right
  and the Subalong, Kaptai, Rinkeong and Thega on
  the left.

13
Impacts on Fisheries

• All most all the tributaries of the Karnafuli
  river are very important for artisanal and
  commercial fisheries.
• A large number of young and adult fishes both
  from fresh water and marine water are widely
  distributed to these river systems.
• Halda river is one of the most important natural
  breeding grounds especially for the carps and
  some other fishes of our country.

14
The Sundarbans Estuary

• The largest single block of tidal halophytic
  mangrove forest in the world, located in the
  southern part of Bangladesh. It lies on the
  Ganges-Brahmaputra delta at the point where it
  merges with the Bay of Bengal.

15
Impacts on Fisheries

• The forest consists of about 200 islands,
  separated by about 400 interconnected tidal
  rivers, creeks and canals
• Of about 50 species of reptiles the largest
  member in the Sundarbans is the Estuarine
  Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
• Among the invertebrates some molluscs and
  crustaceans constitute important fisheries
  resources. About 20 species of shrimps, 8 species
  of lobsters, 7 species of crabs, several species
  of gastropods, and 6 species of pelecypods have
  been reported from the Sundarbans.
• Among the shrimps Penaeus monodon and Metapenaeus
  monoceros and the mud crab Scylla serrata are
  commercially important.

16
The Haringhata River Estuary

• Haringhata is located in Barguna Pathorghata
  estuaries located in the Bay of Bengal and
  bisakhali harinaghata reserved forest. Bisakhali
  laldiya from the estuaries of the Ganges ruhita
  up to 15 km long at the green surround
  Pathorghata armor. 
• Here, a beautiful forest is situated in the lap
  of the sea. Besides the forest. It is a
  remarkably pleasant sight of blue waters of the
  sea, green trees of the forest .

17
The Hariavhanga River Estuary

• Hariavhanga River is a tidal estuarine river in
  and around the Sundarbans in North 24 Parganas
  district in the Indian state of West Bengal,
  bordering on Satkhira District of Bangladesh.
• It follows the international boundary between
  India and Bangladesh.
• The New Moore Island is located at the mouth of
  the Hariavhanga River

18
The Muhuri River Estuary

• The Muhuri river is one of the transboundary
  rivers of Bangladesh
• The river takes its rise on the Lushai hills of
  Tripura in India and enters Bangladesh through
  Parshuram upazila of Feni district.
• The Muhuri is not wide enough and it is only 150
  to 200 metres wide. But the width increases
  towards the sea.
• At some places, it demarcates the boundary
  between India and Bangladesh and falls into the
  Bay of Bengal after dividing the Feni and the
  Chittagong district.

19
The Muhuri River Estuary

• There is a closure dam on the river about 4 km
  upstream from the estuary for irrigation purpose
  and a 20-vent regulator has also been
  constructed. During high tide, the dam along with
  the regulator controls the influx of saline water

20
The Sangu River Estuary

• The Sangu River is a river in Myanmar and
  Bangladesh .Its source is in the North Arakan
  Hills of Myanmar.
• It flows north through Thanchi, Rowangchhari and
  Bandarban Sadar Upazilas of Bandarban District.

21
The Matamuhuri River Estuary

• Matamuhuri River a river that originates at
  2114'N and 92'36'E, only 1 to the north and 1
  to the east of the source of the SANGU river in
  the ranges of hills that divide Arakan from
  Chittagong.
• The entire area has been brought under
  cultivation by erecting embankments. The length
  of the river is about 287 km.

22
Map of Matamuhuri River Estuary
23
The Icchamati River Estuary

• Icchamati River Estuary is a trans-boundary river
  which flows through India and Bangladesh and also
  forms the boundary between the two countries.
• Icchamati River is now in three parts
• (1) The longer part flows from the Mathabhanga
  River, a distributary of the Padma
• (2) Once the main river west of Dhaka and
• (3) Icchamati of Dinajpur.

24
Icchamati River Estuary Map
25
The Feni River Estuary

• The Feni River originates in South Tripura
  district and flows through Sab room town and then
  enters Bangladesh.
• This estuarine river is navigable by small boats
  as far as Ramgarh, about 80 kilometres.
• The Feni River estuary has moderate species
  diversity. Species diversity is higher in the
  estuarine mouth compared to that of its upstream
  direction.

26
Location of Feni River Estuary
27
The Kirtonkhola River Estuary

• Kirtonkhola the river is about 16 kilometers long
  by 600 meters wide and 15 meters deep. The
  catchment area is 307.00 km square. The estuarine
  river flows throughout the year as a whole.

28
The Bakkhali River Estuary

• Bakkhali River the only important river in cox's
  bazar district. It rises from the ranges that
  divide Chittagong from Arakan and flows north,
  then turning to the west flows past ramu and
  Cox's Bazar towns and falls into the Maheshkhali
  channel.
• Location of Bakkhali River Estuary

29
Conclusion

• In Bangladesh these estuaries play a great role
  in fisheries . The estuarine coastal and adjacent
  areas of Bangladesh support a variety of
  economically important fishes.
• These diverse living resources in the estuarine
  environment play an important role which is
  economically significant in many ways.
• In addition, the estuarine resources of this
  country greatly contribute to the national
  economy as well as promote the socio-economic
  well-being of the coastal and often poor
  communities.
• So it needs to be protected to safe our estuary.

30
References

• 1. Abu Hena M. Kamal and Md Ashraful A. Khan
  (2009), Coastal and estuarine resources of
  Bangladesh management and conservation issues,
  University of Chittagong Institute of Marine
  Sciences and Fisheries.
• 2. B. H. Ketchum, Estuaries and Enclosed Seas,
  Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983.
• 3. A. M. A. Salam and Y. S. A. Khan, Algal flora
  of the Karnafuli estuary, Phykos, 1978
• 4. Hossain, Md Mosarof , Coastal Marine
  Ecosystem, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet
  Agricultural University.
• 5.Wikipedia

31
Thanks To All