Assessing the Technology Landscape

1
Assessing the Technology Landscape
Lecture 2
BSIT-6th Inam Ul Haq inam_at_ue.edu.pk,
inam.bth_at_gmail.com

• Chapter 1 (Book) Enterprise Integration An
  Architecture for Enterprise Application Systems
  Integration

2
Table of Contents

• Legacy Systems
• Data Warehousing
• Enterprise Application Integration
• Electronics Commerce
• Web Enabled Applications
• Extensible Markup Language (XML)
• Workflow Management
• Distributed Objects
• Components
• Unified Modeling Language (UML)
• Digital Signatures
• Wireless Interface Devices
• Knowledge Management
• Agent Technology
• Interactive Voice
• Model Driven Architecture (MDA)

3
Legacy Systems

• We cannot understand the impact of new technology
  without considering it with respect to legacy
  systems
• old or previous systems.
• Systems built with older technology cannot simply
  be redeployed using the new technology.
• Requires rework
• Business data are captured in different forms,
  given different names, and computed in different
  ways.
• The rapid evolution of technology and products
  resulted in the definition of a new architecture
  for each new client-server system.
• E.g. WordPress or Joomla needs new plugins
  (Akismet for spams)
• Enterprise-level analysis, planning, and decision
  making must gather data from many independent
  local systems.
• These cross-enterprise functions often face both
  technical challenges and inconsistencies in the
  data.
• Restructuring may come in a variety of forms such
  as outsourcing, acquisitions or the creation of
  new business units to pursue business
  opportunities.
• Offshoring is the relocation of a business
  process from one country to another (Wikipedia).
• Read related terms https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
  CategoryOutsourcing
• An Acquisition organization is responsible for
  acquisition management of multiple software
  development efforts (e.g. multiple programs).
• Top managers of major corporations are frustrated
  by their information systems
• They have difficulty getting information about
  how the business is running.

4
Data Warehousing (Enterprise Data Warehousing)

• A system used for reporting and data analysis.
  DWs are central repositories of integrated data
  from one or more disparate sources. Examples of
  reports could range from annual and quarterly
  comparisons and trends to detailed daily sales
  analysis. (Wikipedia)
• See difference between DW Data Mart
  https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse
• Used in decision support because of multiple
  business functions.
• Online analytical processing (OLAP) tools provide
  much more sophisticated analyses of relationships
  and trends. explore a key challenge from the
  book

5
Enterprise Application Integration

• Enterprise application integration (EAI) also
  involves the capture and transformation of data,
  but for a different purpose.
• Integrates COTS applications. commercial off the
  shelf, e.g. MS Office

6
Electronic Commerce

• The Internet opened the door for enterprises to
  communicate directly with their end customers.
• Buyer-seller relationships can be established
  where they were noteven considered in the
  past.B2B, B2C

7
Web-Enabled Applications

• Early efforts to provide Web access to
  applications were driven by the need to provide
  access to customers.
• Making applications Web-enabled, as depicted in
  Figure 1.4, resolves asignificant portion of the
  difficulties involved in accessing information
  acrossthe enterprise.

8
Extensible Markup Language (XML)

• XML is a preferred medium for the exchange of
  data both between enterprises and between systems
  within an enterprise.
• Human readable format, check https//en.wikipedia
  .org/wiki/XML
• Refinement of HTML and compatible with it, passes
  through firewalls, more supports e-commerce than
  EDI (electronic document interchange)

9
Workflow Management

• (sometimes called business process management
  systems) active for many years
• Used for automation of business process
• in small organizations for managing the flow of
  documentsbetween activities performed by humans.
• Fits in with the move from batch processing to
  event-based processing, where business
  transactions are processed as they occur.

10
Components

• Object technology for many years has held the
  promise of enabling the development of reusable
  components.
• At the same time, considerable progress has been
  made in the development of components that
  perform computational functions for user
  interfaces, communications, and operating
  environments.
• Such products have greatly enhanced the ability
  of application developers to implement
  sophisticated systems.

11
UML (Unified Modeling Language)

• A specification language adopted by the OMG
  Press.
• Provides a number of visualizations and
  diagramming techniques.
• E.g. use cases, class diagrams, sequence
  diagrams, structure diagrams etc.

12
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

• Security has become an increasingly critical
  element of enterprise systems.
• This technology is used by Secure Sockets Layer
  (SSL) communications over the Internet to provide
  security.
• Both the sender and the receiver can authenticate
  each other with their digital certificates.

13
Digital Signatures

• A digital signature functions essentially the
  same as a handwritten signature on a paper
  document, when attached to an eDocument.
• Digital signatures employ public key technology.
• The signature authenticates the document by
  validating the signer's identity, and it prevents
  the signer from repudiating the document because
  only the signer's public key can decrypt the
  signature.
• This technology is used by Secure Sockets Layer
  (SSL) communications over the Internet to provide
  security. Both the sender and the receiver can
  authenticate each other with their digital
  certificates.

14
Wireless Interface Devices

• Cellular phones have become commonplace.
• It enables new forms of Internet purchases, and
  it freesemployees to conduct business anywhere
  and at any time.

15
Knowledge Management

• Involves the capture, cataloging, retrieval, and
  application of enterprise knowledge.
• In product design ease of use, maintainability,
  reliability,efficiency and so on are kept in
  mind.
• 300 hours of videos are being uploaded on YouTube
  per minute
• On average 350 million photos are uploaded
  daily to Facebook

16
Agent Technology

• A software agent is an autonomous program that
  senses and reacts to its environment according to
  its own internal rules of operation.
• Provides basis for Artificial Intelligence. E.g.
  automated car driving
• Its environment may include information about the
  actions of other agents.
• E.g. automated port handling system
• Unlike a conventional application, the agent
  itself will determine if, when, and how it will
  perform its function. (AI)
• Agent technology is still in its infancy.

17
Interactive Voice

• The widespread use of hand-held devices,
  particularly cell phones, is likely to change
  this. Users do not want to carry around keyboards
  and large displays.
• Voice input and output also enable hands- and
  eyes-free operation in activities and
  environments that are not conducive to
  conventional terminal interaction.
• Visit www.computingcage.com gt tech for disable,
  tech for age

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Model Driven Architecture

• MDA provides the ability to specify applications
  and standards as Platform Independent Models
  (PIM) that can be mapped to evolving technical
  platforms.
• Tools provide the ability to transform a PIM
  specification to executable code.
• Standard mappings will enable independently
  developed applications and components to be
  interoperable.

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Exercise

• Slide no. 4 explore a key challenge from the
  book.
• See difference between DW Data Mart
  https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse
• Explore OLAP tools, EDI, Digital Certificate, SSL
• What is COTS applications?
• Advantages of XML?
• What does repudiating means?
• Define model driven architecture for ecommerce
  website.
• Read the book, chapter no. 2