Causes of Infertility & it's treatments

1
Creating Families Successfully for more than 50
Countries
2
What is Infertility?

• Infertility is the inability of a sexually
  active, non-contracepting couple to achieve
  pregnancy in one year. 
• 10-15 of population is infertile

3
Main Causes of Infertility

• Multiple relatively minor abnormalities, either
  with 1 partner or both, account for 30 of all
  causes

4
Female Infertility

• When the cause of infertility exists within the
  female partner, it is referred to as female
  infertility. 
• Infertility results from female factors about
  one-third of the time and male factors about
  one-third of the time.
• Female infertility causes can be difficult to
  diagnose. There are many available treatments,
  which will depend on the cause of infertility. 

5
Causes of Female Infertility

• Ovulation disorders
• Tube/uterus blockage
• Cervix
• Endometriosis
• Implantation defects-progesterone low
• Spontaneous abortion-chromosome abnormality

6
More detail on female infertility

• Damage to your fallopian tubes - These structures
  carry eggs from your ovaries, which produce eggs,
  to the uterus, where the baby develops. They can
  get damaged when scars form after pelvic
  infections, endometriosis, and pelvic surgery.
  That can prevent sperm from reaching an egg.
• Hormonal problems - you may not be getting
  pregnant because your body isn't going through
  the usual hormone changes that lead to the
  release of an egg from the ovary and the
  thickening of the lining of the uterus.
• Cervical issues- Some women have a condition that
  prevents sperm from passing through the cervical
  canal.
• Uterine trouble-  You may have polyps
  and fibroids that interfere with getting
  pregnant.

7
Causes of Poorly Functioning Fallopian Tubes

• Infection 
• Caused by both bacteria and viruses and usually
  transmitted sexually, these infections commonly
  cause inflammation  resulting in scarring and
  damage.  
• Abdominal Diseases 
•  The most common of these are appendicitis and
  colitis, causing inflammation of the abdominal
  cavity which can affect the fallopian tubes and
  lead to scarring and blockage.

8

• Previous Surgeries 
• This is an important cause of tubal disease and
  damage.  Pelvic or abdominal surgery can result
  in adhesions that alter the      tubes in such a
  way that eggs cannot travel through them.
• Ectopic Pregnancy 
• This is a pregnancy that occurs in the tube
  itself and, even if carefully and successfully
  overcome, may cause tubal damage       and is a
  potentially life-threatening condition.
• Congenital Defects 
•    In rare cases, women may be born with tubal
  abnormalities, usually associated with uterus
  irregularities.

9
I.V.F.

• In
• Vitro
• Fertilization
• Test tube babies

10
(No Transcript)
11
Basic Steps in IVF

• Ovary stimulation
• Egg retrieval
• Sperm retrieval-wash sperm
• Fertilization
• Embryo transfer
• Progesterone

12
IUI
Injection of washed prepared sperms into the
uterine cavity through a fine catheter during
peri-ovulatory phase in a natural or stimulated
cycle.

• Although pregnancy may not occur as quickly, a
  policy of initial treatment by IUI will probably
  save 20 of couples from moving onto IVF
• After 3-4 cycles of failed IUI treatment,
  patients should be encouraged to opt for IVF

13
IUI

• The procedure may help in increasing the chances
  of pregnancy in following ways
• Allowing sperm-ovum contact close to the date and
  time of ovulation
• By bringing the sperm very close to the site of
  fertilization and by passing the cervical factors
• Sperm preparation increases the sperm density and
  removes all antigens on the surface of sperm and
  in seminal plasma
• IUI is the simplest and the least expensive
  method of ART
• IUI alone (natural cycle) does not improve
  pregnancy chances, hence mild ovarian stimulation
  is usually recommended.

14
tHE ifc Network
IFC Head Office H-6, Green Park Main, New Delhi
110016 Phone [phone]/23 E-mail
mail_at_internationalfertilitycentre.com Website
www.internationalfertilitycentre.com