Highlights of the Kuwait HVAC&R Conference 2017

1
HVACR BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Presented by
Mr. Sagar Kulkarni LEED AP, WELL AP, PQP, CEM,
CEA Managing Director, CEC
2
Need for Best Practices

• Energy-efficiency is the cornerstone of
  sustainability
• In the current scenario, unchecked use of energy
  is leading to a rapid increase in global
  temperature
• According to the Key World Energy Statistics
  Report, 2017 published by the IEA, Kuwait has one
  of the highest per capita rates of electricity
  consumption 14951 kWh/capita/annum
• As a member of the COP21 Agreement, substantial
  efforts need to be made to reduce energy
  consumption and meet the requirements for
  reduction of carbon emissions

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Overview of Energy Consumption

• According to the Annual Statistics Report
  published by DEWA, the Residential sector was
  responsible for about 74 of the total energy
  consumed in Dubai, in 2016
• 79 of the total electricity consumed in
  residential applications was for cooling and air
  conditioning systems

Annual energy end-use distribution for a typical
villa Source KAPSARC analysis
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Electricity Consumption by HVAC Systems in Middle
East

• Nearly 58 of the total energy is consumed by
  HVAC systems.
• However, the adverse climatic conditions of the
  Middle East makes use of HVAC systems imperative,
  especially in summer
• The peak power demand in summer in the region is
  nearly thrice the peak power demand in the other
  months
• Implementation of HVAC Best Practices contributes
  directly to energy conservation and hence,
  improved sustainability

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METHODOLOGIES TO REDUCE HVAC CONSUMPTION

• Implementing the Sustainability Principle

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1. Ensure Detailed Engineering (Avoid Thumb Rules)

• Ensure Detailed Engineering Calculations and use
  of the appropriate software.
• Thumb rules are a yardstick for measurement but
  should not be considered absolute
• Selection of correct unit for application i.e.
  DX, VRF, Package, Chillers, Evaporative Cooling
  etc.

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2. Appropriate Orientation of Glazing in
Buildings (REDUCE)

• Ensure glazing between East and North West
• Orientation of glazing in buildings in a way to
  obtain maximum natural light and ventilation
• No additional cost
• Energy savings up to 15

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3. Use of Air Curtains to Seal Building Envelope
(REDUCE)

• Air curtains reduce thermal exchange through an
  opening in the building envelope
• Lack of transmission of ambient heat to the
  interior of the building reduces load on the
  air-conditioning system

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• Consider the example of power consumption in a
  mall with and without the use of an air curtain
• Door dimensions 3m x 3m
• Average no. of people visiting the Mall 3000
  per day
• Case 1 No Air curtain
• Total Energy Consumed Net energy
  Consumption
• 
  Energy Consumed due to Heat Infiltration
• 307 kWh/day
• Case 2 With Air Curtain
• Total Energy Consumed 120 kWh/day

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4. Appropriate Selection of Material (REDUCE)
CASE STUDY FOR U - VALUE CASE STUDY FOR U - VALUE CASE STUDY FOR U - VALUE CASE STUDY FOR U - VALUE CASE STUDY FOR U - VALUE CASE STUDY FOR U - VALUE
S.No Description Units CASE 01 CASE 02 CASE 03
1 U-External Wall W/m2.0C 0.567 0.43 0.3
2 U-Roof W/m2.0C 0.44 0.3 0.2
3 U-Glass W/m2.0C 3.3 2.1 1.7
4 Shading Co-Efficient - 0.4 0.4 0.29
5 Air Conditioning area m2 59110 59110 59110
6 Total Load (KW) KWR 8711 8156 7750
7 Sensible Load (KW) KWR 7798 7243 6837.4
8 Air flow rate (L/S) L/s 613212 584306 545978
9 External heat gain Load KWR 1841.9 1559 1180.1
10 Power Consumption kW 1758.6 1646.5 1564.6
11 Load ratio W/m2 147.4 138.0 131.1
12 Saving of electrical power in Case I II 6.4 6.4 6.4
13 Saving of electrical power in Case I III 11 11 11

• Selection of appropriate material to optimize the
  heat transfer co-efficient reduces the load on
  HVAC system

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5. Use of FAHU with Heat Recovery System (RECYCLE)

• Case 1 Conventional FAHU with cooling coil only.
• Case 2 FAHU with dual heat recovery wheels.
• Difference between Power Input 197.5 159.3
  38.2 kW
• Total Savings in Annual Power Consumption
  267,705.6 kWh
• Total Savings 120,000 AED Payback period 6
  months
• Total savings 40,155.84 KD Payback Period
  1.5 yrs

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6. Directing the Extracted Air on Condensing
Units (REUSE)

• Directing the extracted air over condensing units
  for improved condenser performance.
• As the ambient is cooled down in surrounding area
  of condenser the condensing temperature is
  brought down.

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7. Use of Inverter-Based Compressor

• Inverter-based compressors have a small variation
  band
• Power consumption is reduced due to lack of
  multiple start stops

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8. Use of Equipment Having High COP/EER

• Better the COP, lesser the energy wasted
• Use of equipment having a high energy rating can
  reduce nearly 7-8 of the total energy
  consumption

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9. Use of VFD for Pumps and Fans

• Use of variable frequency drives can reduce
  energy losses by nearly 40
• Soft-start and soft-stop motors help to avoid
  surge in voltage for AC motors, improving service
  life

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10. Precise Installation

• Leak proof construction
• Proper sealing of ducts and pipes during
• construction
• Replace temporary filters after pre-commissioning
  
• Enough flushing of air during commissioning to
• remove VOC (Volatile organic compounds)
• Commissioning by qualified agencies
• Use of leak detection systems

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11. Regular Maintenance

• Air Filter Clean Filters to remove dirt
  buildup
• Refrigerant - Make sure there is a appropriate
  Refrigerant pressure is maintained.
• Air vents - Make sure there is nothing blocking
  the air flow
• Coil Cleaning - Remove dirt from coils on
  condenser and evaporator
• Drafts and Leaks Have central air ducts cleaned
  yearly for proper air flow
• Insulate pipes, caulking windows and doors
• Moving parts Lubricating moving parts to work
  efficiently and easily

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Residential Project in Dubai
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Residential Project in Dubai

• Project Overview
• Total area 125, 090 sq. m.
• Function Mixed Use Commercial Residential
• No. of Buildings 4
• Structural layout Tower 01 and Tower 04
  (3BG28), Tower 02 and Tower 03 (3BG20)
• Key Goals
• Implement Green Building Requirements in Design
• Maximize energy efficiency

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Residential Project Measures Implemented for
Optimizing Energy Efficiency

• 75 of roof area insulated by material having
  solar reflective index 78
• Orientation of 50 of the building as 150 degrees
  northwest from east for maximum natural lighting
  and ventilation
• Centralized Fresh Air Handling Units with Duel
  Heat Recovery Wheels used to treat fresh air
  provided to all areas.
• Apartments designed for optimal thermal and
  acoustic comfort as per regulations
• Use of thermal bridges to reduce flow of external
  heat into the building
• Airlocked lobbies with air curtains at entrances
  and exits to prevent loss of air
• Use of centrifugal water-cooled chillers with
  high EER
• VFD driven Secondary chilled water pumps.
• Use of Treated Waste Water for make up of the
  Cooling Tower.
• VFD Fans for Cooling Tower

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Impact on Energy Conservation

• 14 energy savings with respect to green building
  standards, with proposed building design
• Approximate energy savings with respect to normal
  buildings 30

Alternative Lights Equipment Cooling Tower/Heat Reject Pump/Aux Fans Ext. Lights Ext. Equipment Total Energy Total Electric Cost
Alternative Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum Kwh/Annum /Annum
Base Case 0 deg 4,662,322 1,998,103 6,322,032 0 0 1,093,588 4,380 131,400 14,211,825 1,458,133
Base Case 90 deg 4,662,322 1,998,103 6,145,014 0 0 1,056,959 4,380 131,400 13,998,178 1,436,213
Base Case 180 deg 4,662,322 1,998,103 6,280,888 0 0 1,076,308 4,380 131,400 14,153,401 1,452,139
Base Case 270 deg 4,662,322 1,998,103 6,225,238 0 0 1,074,068 4,380 131,400 14,095,511 1,446,199
Base Case 4,662,322 1,998,103 6,243,293 0 0 1,075,231 4,380 131,400 14,114,729 1,448,171
Proposed Case 4,329,434 1,998,103 3,919,035 407,524 351,260 1,018,134 4,380 131,400 12,159,270 1,247,541
Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings Preliminary Energy savings 14 14
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22
Sustainable Buildings
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The Future of Sustainable Buildings

• Use of Occupancy Sensors
• Use of high Surface Reflective Index materials
• Use of Thermal Bridge
• Use of evaporative cooling in areas having low
  Wet Bulb Temperature
• Use of Condensate Drain water
• Proper insulation for Ducting Piping (BS 5422 )
• Proper Installation (No Duct Leakages, proper
  Flushing, Commissioning by experts etc)
• Proper Maintenance (Engineered maintenance team,
  monitoring regular performance etc.)

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THANK YOU
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