Types of Energy

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CHAPTER 3

• Energy, Work, and Simple Machines

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What is energy?

• Look around you. Is anything moving?
• Can you hear, see or feel anything?
• Sure... this is because something is making
  something happen, and most probably, there is
  some power at work. This power or ability to make
  things happen is what we can call energy. It
  makes things happen. It makes change possible.
                         

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What is energy?

• Look at the sketch below to see an example of
  things working, moving, or happening... with
  energy.

Energy Moves cars along the roads. Makes
airplanes fly. Plays our music on the
radio,. Heats our rooms and lights our homes.
Energy is needed for our bodies, together with
plants to grow and move about.
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Energy

• Scientists define ENERGY as the ability to do
  work. - the ability to cause change

Heat Energy
Heat Energy
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Scientists discovered The Law of Conservation
of Energy - states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed http//www.youtu
be.com/watch?vBVxEEn3w688featurerelated
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• With the above explanation in mind, let us learn
  more.Energy can be (is) stored or transferred
  from place to place, or object to object in
  different ways. There are various kinds of
  energy. Let's start by looking at kinetic energy.

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Kinetic energy

• the energy of motion--the more mass or speed, the
  more kinetic energy

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• Kinetic EnergyAll moving things have kinetic
  energy. It is energy possessed by an object due
  to its motion or movement. These include very
  large things, like planets, and very small ones,
  like atoms. The heavier a thing is, and the
  faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
• Now let's see this illustration below.There is a
  small and large ball resting on a table.

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Let us say both balls will fall into the bucket
of water.What is going to happen?
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You will notice that the smaller ball makes a
little splash as it falls into the bucket. The
heavier ball makes a very big splash. Why?
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• Note the following1. Both balls had potential
  energy as they rested on the table.2. By resting
  up on a high table, they also had gravitational
  energy.3. By moving and falling off the table
  (movement), potential and gravitational energy
  changed to Kinetic Energy. Can you guess which of
  the balls had more kinetic energy? (The big and
  heavier ball)Let's see another classic example.
  If you are this room and its hot room and you
  turn on the AC, what do you begin to feel? Air
  (wind). The speedy movement of the ACs fanhas
  kinetic energy, which is then transferred into
  air (wind) that you now feel.
• Other examples of Kinetic Energy include a moving
  car, moving wheel, and a moving arrow.

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Potential Energy

• Energy that is stored and depends on the
  interaction of objects, particles or atoms.
• - Something must happen for the energy to
• come out.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

• A kind of potential energy stored in an object
  above its height on Earth.

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Kinetic Energy in use.A hydro-electric power
dam uses the concept of kinetic energy in fast
flowing water to produce electricity. Take a
look at how a basic hydro-electric power dam is
set up in the diagram below.
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Electric Energy

• Kinetic energy that creates an
• - electric current (a flow of power)
• - energy of moving electrical charges

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Electromagnetic energy

• energy that is transmitted through space in the
  form of electromagnetic waves

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Thermal energy

• the total amount of energy from the movement of
  the particles in an object

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Potential Energy

• the stored energy an object has due to its
  position or chemical composition

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• 1. Water from a stream or river is held up
  (blocked) by the sluice gate. Holding up more
  water increases potential energy and
  gravitational energy.
• 2. The gates are then opened. Water rushes down
  through the gate and into the tubes. There is
  immense kinetic energy in the very fast flowing
  water because of the high pressure it has.
• 3. Kinetic energy in the fast flowing water turns
  shafts (blades) connected to the end of the
  tubes. More fast flowing water means more blades
  can be turned even faster.
• 4. The spinning blades or shafts are connected to
  a generator which generates the electricity. The
  generator is connected to a transformer which
  supplies our homes with electricity.

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Chemical energy

• energy stored in the chemical composition of
  matter

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Sound energy

• energy produced by the vibration of particles
  that people and animals can detect

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Mechanical energy

• energy that moves objects

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Nuclear energy

• energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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Heat

• the flow of energy from a warmer object to a
  cooler object

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Temperature

• a measure of the average amount of kinetic energy
  of the particles in an object

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Conduction

• the transfer of heat energy from one object to
  another when they are touching

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Convection

• the transfer of heat energy from the movement of
  particles in a gas or a liquid

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Radiation

• the transfer of heat energy through
  electromagnetic waves

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Conductor

• an object or material that transfers energy easily

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Insulator

• an object or material that doesnt transfer
  energy easily