Charging Stations For Electric Vehicles

1
Charging Stations for Electric Vehicle
Department of Electrical Engineering Government
College of Engineering, Amravati (An Autonomous
Institute of Government of Maharashtra) 2017-2018 
-By Sarang Bongirwar
Under the guidance of, Dr. K. D. Thakur.
2
Prologue
In 2017, Indian government pushed a major policy
of selling at least 6-7 million EVs in India by
2020. They are planning to sell only EVs by 2030.

• But many experts in automobile industry
  criticized this plan and said that it might fail.
• Only reason they have stated, is lack of
  infrastructure, and majorly lack of Charging
  stations.

3
Range Anxiety

• Indian government is really trying to push
  electrical vehicle in our ecosystem. But people
  are reluctant to buy an electric vehicle.
• Reason people are not buying electric vehicle is
  Range Anxiety.
• Range anxiety is worry on the part of a person
  driving an electric car that the battery will run
  out of power before the destination or a suitable
  charging point is reached.

4

• In case of India, with road network of 54 lakh
  kilometers with absolutely no infrastructure for
  supporting EVs.
• Just considering case of Amravati to Nagpur,
  total traveling distance is minimum 320 km.
• Vehicles like Mahindra e2o with range of 80 km
  will not even make it to half.
• If we bring in Tesla Model S, with range of 330
  km, it will barely make it back to Amravati.

• So what's the point in buying an EV? Why would I,
  you will buy an electric car?
• Here, Charging Station plays vital role.

5
Introduction

• Electric charging station is an element in an
  infrastructure that supplies electric energy for
  the recharging of electric vehicles, such
  as plug-in electric vehicles, including electric
  cars, plug-in hybrids, etc.
• Charging stations are inevitable part of electric
  vehicle ecosystem.
• In case of India, with road network of 54,72,144
  kilometers, the country needs nation wide network
  of charging stations for electric vehicles as
  government is planning to sell only EVs by 2030.

6
Working of Charging stations

• Electricity from the grid is delivered as
  alternating current (AC) but the EV requires
  direct current (DC). A rectifier needs to sit
  between the grid and the battery to convert one
  to the other. For home and third party public
  charging this AC-to-DC conversion is done by the
  EVs on-board rectifier. AC current at the charge
  port is converted to DC for the battery by the
  rectifier.
• Superchargers deliver high voltage, high current
  DC electricity directly to the EVs battery,
  bypassing the on-board rectifier. This allows the
  Supercharger to push electricity into the battery
  as fast as the battery can take ittypically ten
  times faster than home charging.

7
Block Diagram
Fig Working of Charging Station, Ref 2
8
Technical Detail

• For those of a technical bent, heres how a
  typical DC charging station is configured the
  whole setup, takes a 12 kV, 750 kVA feed from the
  utility, steps it down to 480V three phase on
  site, pushes that into 2000A switchgear which
  feeds four banks of charging units at 480V/200A.
  Each unit contains twelve 10 kW rectifiers (the
  same rectifier that is found in EVs) giving a
  total of 120 kW per pair of pods.

9
Different levels of charging stations

• Level 1, 120 Volt Charging The slowest form of
  charging. Uses a plug to connect to the on-board
  charger and a standard household outlet. This
  setup provides between 2-5 miles per hour.
• Level 2, 220/240 Volt Charging Provide power at
  220v or 240v and up to 30 amps. Drivers can add
  10-25 miles of range in an hour of charging at
  home or at a public station.
• Level 3, 480 Volt Charging Some refer to this
  charging as DC Fast charging. In this case, the
  charger is a gas pump-sized machine. All fast
  chargers deliver about 80 charge in 30 minutes.

10
Fig Levels of charging station, Ref 3
11
Solar powered charging station

• Charging stations can also be powered by solar
  energy.
• Number of solar panels can be placed on roof of
  charging station. This solar panel will deliver
  power to charging point.
• Use of solar will reduce load on power grid and
  will also save considerable amount of fossil fuel
  used in producing electricity.

Fig Solar Powered Charging Station, Ref 4
12
Advantages

• Increase in number of charging station will boost
  the selling of EVs as their will be reduced
  range anxiety.
• It is always great for environment, if many EVs
  are being sold in country.
• This will boost direct and indirect employment in
  country.
• As India lack charging stations, it is good
  opportunity to young business aspirants to
  install charging station in their locality.

13
Disadvantage

• Its Initial installation cost is high due to non
  availability of equipments in India. But all
  investment will eventually get recovered through
  charging station.
• It derives large power from grid, which increase
  load. Regions with lack of power may not be able
  to handle this load.

14
Conclusions

• As India is country with vast road network, if
  country wants to boost the popularity of EVs, it
  need to install as many charging station as
  possible.
• Installation of charging station is much easier,
  but lack of knowledge makes it difficult to
  handle. Proper knowledge will surely improve
  current state of infrastructure.

15
References

• 1 The Indian Express Dt 6th April 2017.
  Title 100 Electric mobility in India by 2030
  Is India really prepared for it? Author Epica
  Mandal Sarkar and Ashish Nigam.
• 2 Mehmet Cem Catalbas, Merve Yildirim, Arif
  Gulten, and Hasan Kurum,
  Estimation of Optimal Location for Electric
  Vehicle Charging Stations, IEEE 2017. Date
  08/09/2017 Topics Referred Working of
  charging staions.
• 3 R. Benger, R. Heyne, A. Haubrock, and H.P.
  Beck, Sustainable Fast Charging Stations for
  Electric Vehicles, in 5 th, International
  Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES 2010),
  Berlin, Germany. Date 08/09/2017 Topics
  ReferredLevels of charging station.
• 4 Ciprian Vlad, Gabriel Murariu, Using
  Renewable Energy Sources For Electric
  Vehicles Charging IEEE 2013. Date
  08/09/2017 Topics Referred lar Powered Charging
  Station.

16
Thank You!