Infertility Specialist in Bangalore

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What is Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease?

• FortisfertilityCentre.Com

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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a disease of
the upper genital tract seen in women between 15
â 45 years of age and involves uterus (womb),
fallopian tubes, ovaries and other areas within
the pelvis. The infection affects the surface
lining in all the above organs leading to damage
with short and long term health
implications. The true prevalence of PID is
unclear but it is known that nearly 150 women
will see their GP with some symptoms due to the
disease process. The common organisms associated
with PID are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria
gonorrhoea. The other organisms that cause pelvic
infection include Anaerobes, Mycoplasma
genitalium, genital Tuberculosis etc. Screening
programes have revealed that asymptomatic
Chlamydial infection can be picked up in as many
as 6 women seeking contraception advice and up
to 5 women undergoing cervical smear test (PAP
smear). Overall screening programmes have shown a
pick up rate of between 1-17 in asymptomatic
women.
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What are the causes of PID? The commonest cause
is sexual transmission of infection especially in
those that indulge in unprotected intercourse
with multiple partners. Other causes include
retained tampons, instrumentation of the uterus
through various procedures such as termination of
pregnancy, tubal patency assessment test with
dye, camera procedures for the uterus
(hysteroscopy), sepsis or infection post
abdominal surgical procedures, appendicitis/
appendicectomy, peritonitis, intrauterine
contraceptive device use for long periods of
time, etc.
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What are the common symptoms of PID? i) Lower
abdominal pain which may be continuous through
the month in some women ii) Offensive and smelly
vaginal discharge iii) Fever with abdominal pain
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How does one diagnose PID? The doctor will
obtain a history and perform a clinical
examination during which culture swabs will be
taken from cervix (neck of the womb) and vagina
to confirm the type of infective organism. This
will be followed by blood tests, pelvic
ultrasound scan and sometimes laparoscopy (camera
procedure through the belly button). Genital
Tuberculosis of the uterus can be confirmed
following laboratory analysis of the endometrium
(biopsy of the lining of the womb). Currently
there is no single test that will accurately
diagnose the presence of PID.
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