Title: Stock market institute in Delhi
1Institute of Career In Financial Market
2ICFM - Institute of Career In Financial Market
is a market leader in the segment of financial
market education. It is a unit of career pro
ventures limited, a diversified education
corporate. At ICFM, we deliver the cutting edge
training to people willing to make career in
financial markets. Our programs are not ordinary
"run of the mill" programs. Our programs bring
extensive focus on "next generation technologies"
which give you edge in ever competitive
employment opportunities.
3Chapter 1.1 Basics Of Share Market Explained
WHY DO WE INVEST?To make sure we have enough
funds to be prepared for the future. Simply
earning and saving is not enough. Inflation the
price-rise beast eats into the value of your
money. To make up for the loss through inflation,
we invest and earn extra. This is the investment
fundament. The stock market is one such
investment avenue. It has a history that goes way
back to the 1800s.Earlier, stockbrokers
would converge around Banyan trees to conduct
trades of stocks. As the number of brokers
increased and the streets overflowed, they simply
had no choice but to relocate from one place to
another. Finally in 1854, they relocated to Dalal
Street, the place where the oldest stock exchange
in Asia the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is
now located. It is also Indias first stock
exchange and has since then played an important
role in the Indian stock markets. Even today, the
BSE Sensex remains one of the parameters against
which the robustness of the Indian economy and
finance is measured.
4So Lets Start With Share Market Basics.WHAT IS
SHARE MARKET?A share market is where shares are
either issued or traded in.A stock market is
similar to a share market. The key difference is
that a stock market helps you trade financial
instruments like bonds, mutual funds, derivatives
as well as shares of companies. A share market
only allows trading of shares.The key factor is
the stock exchange the basic platform that
provides the facilities used to trade company
stocks and other securities. A stock may be
bought or sold only if it is listed on an
exchange. Thus, it is the meeting place of the
stock buyers and sellers. India's premier stock
exchanges are the Bombay Stock Exchange and
the National Stock Exchange.
5Kinds Of Stock Market There are two kinds of
share markets primary and second markets.
- This where a company gets
- registered to issue a certain
- amount of shares and raise
- money. This is also called getting
- listed in a stock exchange.
- A company enters primary
- markets to raise capital. If the
- company is selling shares for the
- first time, it is called an Initial
- Public Offering (IPO). The
- company thus becomes public.
- Once new securities have been sold in
- the primary market, these shares are
- traded in the secondary market. This is to
- offer a chance for investors to exit an
- investment and sell the shares. Secondary
- market transactions are referred to trades
- where one investor buys shares from
- another investor at the prevailing market
- price or at whatever price the two parties
- agree upon.
- Normally, investors conduct such
- transactions using an intermediary such as
- a broker, who facilitates the process.
6WHAT ARE THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS TRADED IN A
STOCK MARKET?Now that we have understood what a
stock market is, let us understand the four key
financial instruments that are traded
7Four keys of financial instruments
- Bonds
- Companies need money to undertake projects. They
then pay back using the money earned through the
project. One way of raising funds is through
bonds. When a company borrows from the bank in
exchange for regular interest payments, it is
called a loan. Similarly, when a company borrows
from multiple investors in exchange for timely
payments of interest, it is called a bond.
- Secondary Market
- The share market is another place for raising
money. In exchange for the money, companies issue
shares. Owning a share is akin to holding a
portion of the company. These shares are then
traded in the share market. Consider the previous
example your project is successful and so, you
want to expand it.
- Mutual Funds
- These are investment vehicles that allow
- you to indirectly invest in stocks or bonds. It
- pools money from a collection of investors,
- and then invests that sum in financial
- instruments. This is handled by a
- professional fund manager.
- This is either through a rise in the value of
- the units or through the distribution of
dividends-money to all unit-holders
- Derivatives
- The value of financial instruments like
- shares keeps fluctuating. So, it is difficult
- to fix a particular price. Derivatives
- instruments come handy here.
- These are instruments that help you
- trade in the future at a price that you fix
- today. Simply put, you enter into an
- agreement to either buy or sell a share or
- other instrument at a certain fixed price.
8WHAT DOES THE SEBI DO?
- Stock markets are risky. Hence, they need to be
regulated to protect investors. The Security and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is mandated to
oversee the secondary and primary markets in
India since 1988 when the Government of India
established it as the regulatory body of stock
markets. Within a short period of time, SEBI
became an autonomous body through the SEBI Act of
1992.
9Chapter 1.2 Getting familiar with market-related
concepts
- WHAT IS MARKET CAPITALIZATION?
- Different companies issue varied amounts of
shares when they get listed. The value of one
share also differs from that of another companys
stock. Market capitalization smoothens out these
differences. It is the market stock price
multiplied by the total number of shares held by
the public. It, thus, reflects the total market
value of a stock taking into consideration both
the size and the price of the stock. For example,
if a stock is priced at Rs. 50 per share, and
there are 1,00,000 shares in the hands of public
investors, then its market capitalization stands
at Rs. 50,00,000.
10WHAT DOES COST AVERAGING MEAN?
- Rupee-cost averaging is a concept when you buy a
stock in small bunches, instead of buying in
lump-sum. This helps reduce the average cost of
your investment. - Let us use an example. Suppose you bought 100
shares of a company costing Rs. 10 each, your
total investment cost is Rs. 1000. Instead of
that, if you buy 50 shares for Rs. 100 and 50 for
Rs. 95, your total cost of investment would be
lower. Not just that, even your average cost per
share would be lower. This is called rupee-cost
averaging. This concept comes handy when a
stock falls after you have bought it. The fall in
share price gives you an opportunity to buy more
and reduce your average cost of investment. This
way, when you finally sell the shares at some
time in the future, you end up making more
profits.
11Chapter 1.3 HOW DOES SHARE MARKET WORK?
- Ask any layman about the share market investing,
and they will tell you that they dont know about
stock trading. Yet, the stock market is one of
the largest avenues for investment. As many as
rs. 6 lakh crore-worth stocks have been traded in
the two stock exchanges in india on some
occasions. Stock market investing is often called
a gamble. It would cease to be a gamble if you
understood the basics of the share market. - In the previous section, you were introduced to
the different market participants and other share
market basics. Lets try to stitch these
narratives together and understand how the stock
market works.
12STOCK MARKET PARTICIPANTS
13 Your broker passes on your buy order to the
exchange, which searches for a sell order for the
same share. Once a seller and a buyer are fixed,
a price is agreed finalized, upon which the
exchange communicates to your broker that your
order has been confirmed.
- Stock brokers and brokerage firms are entities
registered with the stock exchange. They act as
an intermediary between you, as an investor, and
the stock exchange
- Once listed, the stocks issued can be traded by
the investors in the secondary market. This is
where most of the trading happens. In this
market, buyers and sellers gather to conduct
transactions to make profits or cut losses.
- The exchange ensures that the trade is honoured
during the settlement. Whether the seller has
the required stock to sell or not, the buyer will
receive his shares. If a settlement is not
upheld, the sanctity of the stock market is lost,
because it means trades may not be upheld.
14HOW YOUR ORDER IS PROCESSED
15WHAT ARE STOCK INDICES?From among the stocks
listed on the exchange, some similar stocks are
selected and grouped together to form an index.
This classification may be on the basis of the
industry the companies belong to, the size of the
company, market capitalization or some other
basis. For example, the BSE Sensex is an index
consisting of 30 stocks. Similarly, the BSE 500
is an index consisting of 500 stocks.
16The values of the grouped stocks are used to
calculate the value of the index. Any change in
the price of the stocks leads to a change in the
index value. An index is thus indicative of the
changes in the market.Some of the important
indices in India are1. Benchmark indices BSE
Sensex and NSE Nifty2. Sectoral indices like BSE
Bankex and CNX IT3. Market capitalization-based
indices like the BSE Smallcap and BSE Midcap4.
Broad-market indices like BSE 100 and BSE 500
17HOW IS INDEX VALUE CALCULATED?
18Contact DetailsU 135, Ground 1st Floor, Laxmi
Nagar, Infront of Gate No. 3, Laxmi Nagar Metro
Station, Delhi-110092.Direct 91 9971333795 /
91 9971900635E Mail info_at_icfmindia.com
19THANK YOU....