Size Reduction

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MATA KULIAH
TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN PANGAN DAN HASIL PERTANIAN
Kelompok 3
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SIZE REDUCTION
Kelompok 3
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Pengelompokan Pengecilan Ukuran Menurut Mc. Cabe.
et al, (1985)

• A. Chrusser (coarse and fine)
• 1. Jaw crushers
• 2. Gyratory crushers
• 3. Crushing rolls
• B. Grinders (intermediate and fine)
• 1. Hammer mills impactors
• 2. Rolling-compression mills
• a. Bowl mills
• b. Roller mills
• 3. Attrition mills
• 4. Tumbling mills
• a. Rod mills
• b. Ball mills pebble mills
• c. tube mills compartement mills
• C. Ultrafine grinders
• 1. Hammer mills with internal classification
• 2. Fluid-energy mills
• 3. Agitated mills
• D. Cutting machines

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Bahan-bahan agroindustri yang telah diolah pada
beberapa tipe mesin pengecil ukuran

• (a). Crusher rolls
• Barley malt Coffee Flour
• Bone Corn Mustard seeds
• Beet pulp Corn cobs Pepper
• Casein Corn meal Soy beans
• Cereals Cotton seed Spices
• Cheese Dried biscuits Starch
• Cocoa cakes Dried apple pulp
• Coconut shells Feedstuff

(b). Roller mills Cocoa Soybean cake
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(c). Hammer mills Barley
Ginger Sugar Cinamon Gum
acacia Corn meal Cocoa cake
Laktose Soya flours Cocoa-sugar mix
Potato flour Coconut shells
(d). Disk attrition mills Apples
Cereal Soybean Egg
shells Fish meal Cotton seed
Cloves Gum arabic Potatoes
Coconut shells Cocoa Corn
Copra Pepper Rubber (e). Fluid
jet mills Vanilla beans
Cocoa Sugar Yeast
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Kisaran operasi peralatan pengecilan ukuran
Peralatan Ukuran umpan (mm) Ukuran produk (mm) Rasio pengecilan Kapasitas (ton/jam) Konsumsi daya (kw)
Gyratory crushers 200-2000 25-250 8 100-500 100-700
Jaw crushers 100-1000 25-100 8 10-1000 5-200
Cone crushers 50-300 5-50 8 10-1000 20-250
Impact breakers 50-300 1-10 40 10-1000 100-2000
Rod mills 5-20 0.5-2 10 20-500 100-4000
Ball mills 1-10 0.01-0.1 100 10-300 50-5000
Hammer mills 5-30 0.01-0.1 400 0.1-5 1-100
Jet mills 1-10 0.003-0.05 300 0.1-2 2-100
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CRUSHERS
Jaw crushers
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Jaw crushers
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• 1. Frame
• Heavy-duty design
• Steel plate welded construction
• Welded by CO2 shield arc process
• Stress relieved after fabrication
• 2. Crushing Chamber
• Deep crushing chamber
• Sharp nip angle ensures high crushing
• 3. Swing Jaw Main Bearing Housings
• Allows removal from frame as an integral sub
  assembly
• Permits onsite substitution of a changeover unit
  in the event of bearing damage
• Swing Jaw is a robust steel casting w
• 4. Flywheel
• Balances inertia
• Promotes smooth operation
• 5. Eccentric Shaft
• Forged from hardened and tempered chrome
  molybdenum steel
• Particularly large diameters to suit heavy -duty
  application

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• 6. Bearings
• Fag or SKF heavy -duty selfaligning double row
  bearings on swing jaw and main frame
• Bath oil lubrication ensures positive lubrication
  
• Bearing life in excess of 8 years under typical
  quarry applications
• 7. Hydraulic Cylinder
• Allows easy adjustment of discharge setting by
  moving toggle block to the desired setting
• 8. Shim
• Allows easy adjustment of closed side setting
• 9. Toggle Block
• 10. Tension Rod with Spring
• 11. Toggle Seat
• Allows smooth toggle plate stroke
• 12. Toggle Plates
• Designed to shear protecting crusher components
  if noncrushable object is introduced to crusher
  (i.e. Steel)
• 13. Check Plates
• Manganese steel castings allow easy replacement
  14. Jaw Plates
• High manganese steel castings can be reversed
  allowing extended life
• Wedge \ lug system allows easy replacement

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• APPLICATIONS
• PRIMARY CRUSHING
• Mining
• Aggregate
• Demolition
• Industrial
• Construction
• Environmental

• ADVANTAGES
• Heavy Duty Design
• Long Life
• Cost Effective
• Standard Replacement Parts
• High Productivity

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Jaw crushers
CHETAK JAW Crushers are designed for primary
crushing of even hardest rock. Constructed with
heavy ribbed M.S. plates, with strong and thick
welding joints. Accurately machined aligned,
string bearing housings , very thick, hard and
tough adjustable toggle plate, Heat treated,
hardened alloy steel main shaft, proper
lubrication system, high manganese steel jaw
plates, hard facced side plates, impart a long
life to the machine. Spring loaded safety tiebar
protects Jaw stock against overloading.
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Jaw crushers

• Jaw crushers using the compression method are
  suitable for reducing extremely hard and abrasive
  rock. As a mechanical reduction method,
  compression should be called for in these
  circumstances
• If the material is hard and tough
• If the material is abrasive
• If the material is not sticky
• When the material will break cubically

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Jaw crushers.
Model Size of Crusher Size of Crusher Max. Feed H.P. RPM
Model Inches m.m. Max. Feed H.P. RPM
JP - 0804 8" X 4" 200 X 100 3" 5 280
JP - 1006 10" X 6 " 250 X 150 5" 10 280
JP - 1207 12" X 7" 300 X 175 6" 15 325
JP - 1609 16" X 9" 400 X 225 8" 25 325
JP - 2010 20" X 10" 500 X 250 9" 30 325
JP - 3009 30" X 09" 750 X 225 8" 30 325
JP - 3015 30" X 15" 750 X 375 14" 40 325
JP - 3608 36" X 08" 900 X 200 7" 45 300
JP - 3620 36" X 20" 900 X 500 16" 60 300
JP - 3624 36" X 24" 900 X 600 21" 75 300
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CRUSHERS
Gyratory crushers
The Fuller-Traylor gyratory crusher is the
workhorse of the crushing world and each gyratory
crusher is custom designed to suit specific
application requirements. The Fuller-Traylor
primary gyratory crushers feature throughputs to
12,000 TPH with installed powers to 1,200 HP.
Some of the advantages of the Fuller-Traylor
primary gyratory crusher include the following

• Rock box technology bottom shell
• Flat top shell wearing plates
• Split ring contact oil seal
• Large main shaft diameters
• Fuller-Traylor bar type spider
• Counterbalancing to reduce out-of-balance forces

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Gyratory crushers
ThyssenKrupp Robins manufactures a line of heavy
duty Primary Gyratory Crushers for Stationary,
Semi-Mobile, and Mobile crushing operations. With
specialized crushing chamber designs that provide
a "pre-crush" feature for large size feed, and
capacities that start at 500 STPH, these heavy
duty Gyratory crushers provide a reliable
solution to your crushing requirements. 
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CRUSHERS
Crushing roll
Ideal for reducing hard materials, the Rockmaster
Single Roll Crusher is of extremely heavy-duty
construction. Its rugged design allows continuous
service even in the most severe crushing
application. Believed to be one of the world's
strongest duty single roll crushers, the
Rockmaster traditionally provides years of
service with minimum maintenance. The Rockmaster
Crusher is the ultimate refinement of strength
and design, an outgrowth of the original single
roll crusher designed and first manufactured in
1894 by McLanahan.
ROCKMASTER
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Crushing roll
Applications Primary reduction of very hard rock,
ore, mine refuse, and R.O.M. coal with refuse.
Ideal for slabby feeds and wet sticky
material. Capacities shown in Tons per Hour
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Crushing roll
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Double Roll Crusher
ThyssenKrupp roll crushers are eminently suited
for crushing bulk materials. A reduction ratio of
up to 61 can be achieved, depending on the
crushing behavior of the material. Lumps with an
edge length of 3 feet are crushed without
difficulty.
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GRINDERS
Hammer mills
Digunakan untuk pembuatan tepung, makanan
ternak, penggiling minyak, tanaman obat
- obatan untuk penggilingan produk kering
yang rapuh dan semi rapuh, seperti gelatin,
sekam/dedak, gelas kering, macaroni dan
sebagainya.
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Hammer mills..
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Hammer mills.
KEISTIMEWAAN - Terbuat dari baja.-
Kapasitasnya besar.- Mudah dan cepat dalam
pemasangan saringan dan martil.- Penyerap
dari karet dapat mengurangi vibrasi sampai
minimum- Magnet dapat dipindahkan ke feed
hopper.
PRINSIP OPERASI Secara umum umpan mengalir
menuju unit penggilingan. Produk
dipukul-pukul dengan menggunakan martil
khusus yang bergabung dengan beater rotor dimana
akan memperkecil ukuran partikel sampai
dengan ukuran yang diinginkan. Ukurannya bisa
mencapai 0.8 mm sampai 20 mm.
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Hammer mills
TIPE DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm KAPASITAS T/H KEKUA TAN. KW
TIPE A B C D E F G KAPASITAS T/H KEKUA TAN. KW
TÇD 1 57 42 91 135 76 15/28 22/35 2 22
TÇD 2 80 54 115 175 100 18/38 30/57 5 55
TÇD 3 80 72 115 206 706 18/58 50/60 10 75
TÇD 4 80 81 134 220 120 18/68 60/70 15 110
TIPE DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm DIMENSI cm KAPASITAS KEKUATAN KW.
TIPE A B C D EÆ FÆ G KAPASITAS KEKUATAN KW.
TÇD 5 205 136 156 84 30/40 40/60 19 10 90-100
TÇD 6 220 136 156 84 30/50 50/60 19 15 100-132
TÇD 7 235 163 156 84 30/60 60/60 19 20 110-1600
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• SPECIFICATIONS - SCHUTTE HOGERIZER Model FG-Z
• Upper Unit
• Schutte Series HZF Wood Waste Grinder with Coarse
  Grate.
• Horsepower 75-200 at 3600 RPM
• Lower Unit
• Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder with Fine
  Screen.
• Horsepower 150-300 at 3600 RPM

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GRINDERS..
INTRODUCTION TO BOWL MILLS Coal is the one of the
most dominating energy source because of its
cost, availability and transportability.
Pulverized form of coal has made modern steam
generating units highly thermal efficient,
reliable, safe and able to efficiently use of
low-grade coals. It provides coal-air fuel
control, flame stability, effective utilization
of carbon and thus reduction in cost and
flexibility of operation. The efficiency of
combustion depends upon efficiency of
pulverizing.  The machine used for particle size
reduction is called pulverizes or mill. In 1919
at combustion Engineering U.S.A., Raymond Mill
was developed. The early mills were built with
maximum capacity of 6 tons per hour. By 1930 the
maximum capability of this mill design had been
increased to 15 and then to 25 tons per hour.
Bowl mills
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Bow mills
Grinding mills use one , two or all three of the
basic principles of particle size reduction
namely impact, attrition and crushing. With
respect to speed these machines may be classified
as low speed, medium speed and high speed. The
characteristics of commonly used pulverizes are
shown in the table below
Speed Low 10 to 20 RPM Medium 40 to 70 RPM High 900 TO 1000 RPM
Type Ball Tube Mill Ring Roll Mill Ball and Race Mill Bowl Mill Impact or Hammer Mill
Predominant Principle Attrition Crushing Impact
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Bow mills
Raymond Bowl Mill Coal Pulverizers, nominally
rated at a base capacity of 20,000/hr. on 55
grindability coal pulverized to 70 minus 200
mesh, (capable of grinding down to 90 minus 200
mesh at a lower rating). Mill and exhauster fans
are direct driven by 200HP Elliott induction
motors, 3/60/2300V., 1800RPM. Mills are equipped
with feeder assemblies with motor drives, fan
inlet pipes, dampers and regulators. In stock at
additional cost are new spare parts inventory of
liners, rings and rolls, etc.
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GRINDERS.
Attrition mills
Attrition Mills48 and 60 The most vital
component in processing cellulose, this mill
produces the most consistent low-density product
while using the largest feedstock and a minimum
amount of horsepower. These mills continually
outperform the competition in output consistency,
plate life, and fiber length.
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Attrition mills
Specifications
  RRS-48 RRS-60
Overall Length (in) 100 100
Width (in) 64 76
Height (in) 62 3/4 75
Rotor Diameter (in) 48 60
Max Input HP 250 400
Nominal HP 200 250
Design Capacity (/hr) 11,500 17,500
Air Throughput Req. (CFM) 6,500 9,000
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Attrition Mill INTRODUCTIONThe Centrifugal
Impact Mill gives controlled particle sizes down
to -200 mesh and is used primarily for friable
materials. Available in 304 stainless steel,
sanitary, abrasive resistant and standard carbon
steel design. Designed to process both friable
and non-friable Material. Rotating single or
double disc powered runner mill for precise fine
grinding applications. Shaft mounted grinding
plates adjustable constant spring-pressure
assures product uniformity, marrow spectrum
particle size to 200 mesh. Typical
applications wood flour, chemicals, plastics,
feather curling, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals,
powder metals, de-germinating, corn grinding.
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Pin Mill
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Pin Mill INTRODUCTIONShown here (right) is
the Munson CIM-18-SS. The Centrifugal Impact Mill
gives controlled particle sizes down to -200 mesh
and is used primarily for friable materials.
Available in 304 stainless steel, sanitary,
abrasive resistant and standard carbon steel
design. Disc Attrition Mills are also available
for fine grinding applications of more fiberous
materials down to -100 mesh in size. Rotating
impactor pin/disc assembly for fine and ultra
fine particle reduction, declumping applications
_at_ slower speeds. Design efficiency produces
high throughput rates per horsepower
requirements. Available in 15-100 horsepower
drives via multiple V-belt and shave arrangement,
direct drive, C-Faced motors. Typical
applications chemicals, foods, resins, powdered
metals, spices, sugars and grains, clays,
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GRINDERS.
Ball mills
Ball mills are used primary for single stage fine
grinding, regrinding, and as the second stage in
two stage grinding circuits.
Metso overflow ball mill sizes range from 5 ft. x
8 ft. with 75 HP to 26 ft. x 41 ft. with 20,000
HP.  Normal feed size to a Metso Minerals ball
mill is 80 passing 1/4" (6mm or finer) for hard
ores and 80 passing 1" (25mm or finer) for soft
ores.  Product size is typically 35 mesh or
finer.  Application A ball mill grinds ores
and other materials to a typical product size of
35 mesh or finer.
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GRINDERS.
Conical ball mills
Metso Minerals conical ball mills are most
efficient when the maximum feed size is less than
2" and iron contamination is not a factor.    
These mills are sized from 2HP to 450HP for wet
grinding and from 2HP to 500HP for dry grinding.
 Particles of different sizes and densities,
when revolved in a cone will classify themselves
with the largest pieces at the point of the
greatest diameter.   The shape of the conical
ball mill provides a classifying action within
the mill resulting in increased efficiency and
lower power consumption
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ULTRAFINE GRINDERS

• SPECIFICATIONS - SCHUTTE HOGERIZER Model FG (Fine
  Grind)
• Upper Unit
• Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder with Coarse
  Screen.
• Horsepower 50-200 at 3600 RPM
• Lower Unit
• Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder with Fine
  Screen.
• Horsepower 150-300 at 3600 RPM

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Aarkays Ultra fine grinding machine (UF)
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CUTTING MACHINES
Rotary knife cutters
For Producing - Rice, - Corn, - Peppers, -
Soybeans,- Anchovies,

• Peanut Hulls, - Ginseng Root, - Expelled Cotton
  Seed - Orange and Lemon Peels, and as
• a first break system in a Corn
• Milling Plant.

• Spesifications
• Eight rotating knives operate with two
  stationary knives. All knives are adjustable
• to accommodate a specific product.
• ndustrial construction is provided for
  continuous operation. Machine's case is built
• with 1/2 inch plate steel.
• - Main bearings are 2 7/16". Type E double row
  roller.
• - Rotor shaft is also 2 7/26" and is built with
  cold rolled steel.
• - Width of cutter at point material enters is 24
  inches.
• - Size of cutter's screen 24 7/8" by 35 1/2".
  With 2600 of screen surface.
• - Complete V-belt drive and motor base is
  provided as standard equipment.

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Rotary knife cutters.
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Eight Rotating Knives Mounted On A Cylinder
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CUTTING MACHINES
Dicers
Dicer (Urschel model GA) (GAmodel)
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Sketsa proses pengirisan
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Dicer (Urchel model CD-A) (CDA)

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Dicers
Applications Versatile three-dimensional cutter
capable of producing uniform dices, straight
french fry strips, and slices from a variety of
soft ripe fruits and brittle root vegetables
including peaches, pears, potatoes, lettuce,
cucumbers, and carrots. Features continuous
operation for uninterrupted production and
simplified design for easy cleanup and
maintenance. Types of Cuts Slices, strip cuts,
or dices can be produced by using the required
cutting spindles and adjusting the slice
thickness
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• Circular Knife Cuts
• 3/32" (2.4 mm)
• 1/8" (3.2 mm)
• 3/16" (4.8 mm)
• 1/4" (6.4 mm)
• 5/16" (7.9 mm)
• 3/8" (9.5 mm)
• 7/16" (11 mm)
• 1/2" (13 mm)
• 9/16" (14 mm)
• .600" (15 mm)
• 5/8" (16 mm)
• 3/4" (19 mm)
• 7/8" (22 mm)
• 1" (25 mm)
• 1-1/2" (38 mm)
• 2" (51 mm)
• 3" (76 mm)

Dicers

• Slice thickness
• 1/8 to 3/4" (3.2 to 19 mm)
• Crosscut Knife Cuts
• 9/32" (7.1 mm)
• 3/8" (9.5 mm)
• 7/16" (11 mm)
• 1/2" (13 mm)
• 5/8" (16 mm)
• 3/4" (19 mm)
• 7/8" (22 mm)

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RESULT
Dicers
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Dicers
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Cutter (Urschel Model 30) (model30)
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Slicer (Urschel Model OC)
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Slicer (Urschel Model CC)
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Sketsa proses pengirisan
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CUTTING MACHINES
Rotary cutters
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TERIMA KASIH