Prerenal Failure: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

1
Prerenal Failure
2
Prerenal Failure

• Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is the sudden loss of
  kidney functionality. The causes of ARF are
  classified into three categories such as
  prerenal, renal, and postrenal. Prerenal ARF is
  caused by problems that affect the flow of blood,
  before it enters the kidneys. Postrenal ARF is
  caused by problems in passing of urine out of the
  kidneys. Renal ARF is caused by problems with the
  kidney itself, resulting in the improper
  filtration of blood or disrupted production of
  urine.

3
Causes of Prerenal Failure

• Prerenal ARF is caused mainly by the inadequate
  blood circulation in the kidneys. It is the most
  common type of acute kidney failures. As the
  kidneys do not receive enough blood, they cannot
  filter the blood properly. Following are the
  causes of this disorder 
• Hardening of the arteries due to increased fatty
  deposits inside the arteries can significantly
  reduce the blood flow towards the kidneys.
• Excessive consumption of diuretics, as well as
  significantly reduced fluid intake can lead to
  dehydration, which in turn can lead to this
  disorder.
• People with heart conditions are often advised to
  take diuretics to prevent accumulation of fluid
  in the lungs. Such patients are more likely to be
  affected by dehydration and ARF.

4
Causes of Prerenal Failure
Continue

• Severe loss of blood due to a major surgery or
  accident that leads to sudden drop in the blood
  pressure levels, may lead to this disorder.
• Chronic liver disease, which affects the
  production of hormones that help maintain the
  blood flow and pressure in the kidneys, may also
  be a contributing factor.
• Prerenal azotemia, a condition where excess
  amount of nitrogen type compounds in the
  bloodstream affect the function of the
  kidneys and lead to the build-up of waste, such
  as creatinine and urea.
• Severe injury or burns, sepsis (infection in the
  blood), heart failure or heart attack can
  restrict the flow of blood to the kidneys.

5
Symptoms

• Dizziness
• Dry mouth
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Increased heart rate
• Dry, loose skin 
• Increased thirst
• Weight loss
• Decreased urine output
• Abdominal pain
• Pale skin

6
Symptoms
Continue

• Symptoms of liver disease like itching sensation,
  nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal swelling,
  confusion, disorientation, sweet or ammoniacal
  odour, etc.
• Symptoms of heart diseases like breathing
  difficulty (Dyspnoea), increased fatigue, fluid
  accumulation and swelling in the extremities
  (edema), venous engorgement, etc.

7
Treatments

• The treatment is focused at improving the kidney
  perfusion (blood circulation). The correct
  diagnosis or detection of the exact cause of
  kidney failure helps determine the treatment. The
  effect of dehydration can be lowered by
  administering intravenous fluid. Other causes
  like infection, liver problem, and heart failure
  need to be treated according to the types and
  severity of symptoms. Since the output of urine
  increases significantly with the administration
  of intravenous fluids, patients diagnosed
  with prerenal failure are advised to be admitted
  in the hospital. The renal function improves fast
  with the increased output of urine. Patients
  with severe symptoms are admitted in the
  intensive care units, as they have an increased
  risk of heart failure or liver failure. These
  patients may suffer from severe infections like
  viral hepatitis. Patients diagnosed with this
  disorder need prompt medication in order to
  prevent health complications.

8
CONNECT WITH US

• Logon to
• www.lazoi.com
• Like us on Facebook
• https//www.facebook.com/LazoiTheLife
• Follow us on Twitter
• https//www.twitter.com/lazoithelife
• Follow us on Pinterest
• https//www.in.pinterest.com/lazoithelife