How to apply limewash

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HOW TO APPLY LIMEWASH
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Traditionally LIMEWASH was the principal finish
applied externally and internally to historic
buildings, quite often applied directly to the
masonry or brickwork and more commonly to
pre-applied lime coatings (i.e. harling, plaster,
render etc). Although often thought of as a
decorative coating, the limewash was first of all
a protective layer to the lime coatings and
masonry substrate. On new lime renders and
plasters it unifies and protects the surface
particularly while strength is developing within
the new plaster.
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As with all lime coatings, limewash is a
breathable coating allowing evaporation of
moisture and water vapour. Limewash is also a
repairing material, being used to fill small
shrinkage cracks on the lime coverings. Limewash
can also be used in conjunction with various
aggregates to make shelter coats for friable
masonry and will act as a sacrificial protective
coat.In its simplest form, limewash is lime putty
diluted by water to turn it into a milky
consistency.
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When used externally limewash requires regular
renewal, usually every two years.  The addition
of a binder such as casein, tallow or linseed oil
will improve its durability. Casein is an animal
deriative and can be added to a limewash to act
as a water repellent and to prevent
dusting Tallow is the refined fat of a cow, pig
or sheep and serves a similar function but is
more commonly found. Both casein and tallow
should be incorporated in the lime slaking
process.
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Linseed oil is a traditional vegetable-based
additive which is used as a binder and
weatherproofer.  Its water shedding properties
are considerable, generally a one per cent
solution is all that is required i.e. 50ml to 5
litres of wash.  It is worth remembering that
although a greater quantity of additive will
increase the protection against the weather, it
will also inhibit moisture movement within the
wall.
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Limewash is ideal for internal use as it is
unaffectd by rising damp which continually breaks
down most other paints.  However, it is best not
to use additives such as casein, tallow or
linseed oil as this will reduce absorption and
hinder the evaporation of moisture within the wall
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Plain un-coloured limewash will take on the
colour of the lime used this can range from pure
white through to gray or buff coloured
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Generally earth PIGMENTS were used to colour the
limewashes, most commonly ochres, but also
siennas and umbers, which produced a range of
yellows, reds and oranges. Broadly speaking these
produced pastel shades, although deeper colours
are not uncommon. Coal dust, ash, blood and
ground stone dust have all been found as
additives in historic limewashes to achieve the
desired colour.
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