Quaternary Ammonium Compound - Chemical Composition & Uses

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Quaternary Ammonium Compound Chemical
Composition Uses
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Introduction
Abbreviated as Quats, the compound can be
categorized into hundreds of products, providing
several individual chemicals. It has found its
use in several formulations, most of them
involving a blend of different type of Quats. Due
to its distinct anti-microbiological property,
Quaternary Ammonium Compound is widely preferred
for wood preservation, disinfectants,
surfactants, antistatic agents, and fabric
softeners.
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Composition
Quats are basically the salts of Quaternary
Ammonium Cations a positively charged
polyatomic ion. They are permanently charged,
unlike ammonium cations, and independent of the
pH of their solutions. These compounds are
prepared by a chemical process called
quaternization, also known as Menshutkin reaction
in the older times. The process involves
alkylation of tertiary amines with halocarbons.
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Composition
Categories of Quats
Quats are basically the salts of Quaternary
Ammonium Cations a positively charged
polyatomic ion. They are permanently charged,
unlike ammonium cations, and independent of the
pH of their solutions. These compounds are
prepared by a chemical process called
quaternization, also known as Menshutkin reaction
in the older times. The process involves
alkylation of tertiary amines (derivatives of
ammonia) with halocarbons.

• Group 1 Alkyl or Hydroxyl substituted Quats
• Group 2 Non-halogenated benzyl substituted
  Quats
• Group 3 di- and tri- chlorobenzyl substituted
  Quats
• Group 4 unusual substitutes (charged
  heterocyclic compounds)

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Composition
Chemical Properties
Quats are basically the salts of Quaternary
Ammonium Cations a positively charged
polyatomic ion. They are permanently charged,
unlike ammonium cations, and independent of the
pH of their solutions. These compounds are
prepared by a chemical process called
quaternization, also known as Menshutkin reaction
in the older times. The process involves
alkylation of tertiary amines (derivatives of
ammonia) with halocarbons.

• Quats are usually in solid form and easily
  dissolve in liquid solutions.
• They are stable towards nucleophiles, and are
  unreactive to acids, oxidants, and strong
  electrophiles as well.
• Quats do not evaporate into air, but persist in
  the environment.
• Quat solutions leave a solid residue upon
  drying.

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Applications Uses
Composition
Quats are basically the salts of Quaternary
Ammonium Cations a positively charged
polyatomic ion. They are permanently charged,
unlike ammonium cations, and independent of the
pH of their solutions. These compounds are
prepared by a chemical process called
quaternization, also known as Menshutkin reaction
in the older times. The process involves
alkylation of tertiary amines (derivatives of
ammonia) with halocarbons.

• Quats have found their way into popular products
  like shampoos, spermicidal jellies, chloride
  salts as fabric softeners, and sulfate salts as
  fabric conditioner.
• Due to the antimicrobial and disinfectant
  property, Quats like benzalkonium chloride,
  cetrimonium, centrimide, and more, are actively
  in demand.
• Quats are popular in the food industry due to
  their role of a sanitizing agent.
• They are lethal against various fungi, amoeba,
  virus and other organisms.

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Composition

• Used to remove organic materials.
• Perform best in soft waters and are deactivated
  by common soaps.
• One important application includes combination
  with Phenols.
• Widely used in organic chemistry as PTC or Phase
  Transfer Catalyst.
• Popular fabric softeners are based on quaternary
  ammonium cations containing one or two long alkyl
  chains.
• To stabilize osmotic pressure in cells and are
  present in osmolytes, like glycine betaine.

Quats are basically the salts of Quaternary
Ammonium Cations a positively charged
polyatomic ion. They are permanently charged,
unlike ammonium cations, and independent of the
pH of their solutions. These compounds are
prepared by a chemical process called
quaternization, also known as Menshutkin reaction
in the older times. The process involves
alkylation of tertiary amines (derivatives of
ammonia) with halocarbons.
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