Turner syndrome : causes, symptoms and treatment

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TURNER SYNDROME

• CAUSES SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

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INTRODUCTION TO TURNER SYNDROME

• Turner syndrome is a health complication that
  affects only girls and women when the X
  chromosome (a sex chromosome) is partially or
  completely missing. The syndrome can lead to
  developmental problems like short height, failure
  to start puberty, infertility, heart
  problems, learning issues and social behaviour
  problems. 
• Turner syndrome is usually diagnosed in prenatal
  stages, during infancy or in early childhood. In
  some cases, the diagnosis is delayed till teen
  age because of mild signs and symptoms of the
  syndrome. 

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CAUSES OF TURNER SYNDROME

•  Symptoms of Turner syndrome includes
• The reason behind the absence of an X chromosome
  may be because of an error in the father's sperm
  or in the mother's egg. This results in every
  cell having only one X chromosome.
• In certain cases, an error occurs in cell
  division during initial stages of foetal
  development. This results in some cells having
  two copies of the X chromosome. Other cells
  contain only one copy of the X chromosome.

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SYMPTOMS OF TURNER SYNDROME

• Symptoms of Turner syndrome vary indefinitely
  during different stages of a girls life 
• Before birth 
• Excessive fluid collection at the back of the
  neck or unusual fluid collections
• Heart irregularities
• Abnormal kidneys

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SYMPTOMS OF TURNER SYNDROME

• At birth or during infancy 
• Wide neck
• Small lower jaw
• Narrow and high roof of the mouth
• Receding hairline at the back of the head
• Low-set ears
• Broad chest and widely spaced nipples
• Short height, fingers and toes
• Arms that turn outward at the elbows
• Narrow, turned upward fingernails and toenails
• Inflammation of the hands and feet
• Delayed overall body development

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SYMPTOMS OF TURNER SYNDROME

• In teens, young and old women 
• Less growth in childhood
• Short height, about 20 centimeters, less than
  expected
• Normal intelligence with learning disabilities,
  especially concepts
• Difficulty in understanding other people's
  emotions or reactions
• Failure to start sexual changes expected
  during puberty
• Sexual growth that halts during teenage years
• Early end to the menses not due to pregnancy
• Inability to conceive a child without fertility
  treatment

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TREATMENTS OF TURNER SYNDROME

• In most of the cases, girls are
  recommended growth hormone therapy. The objective
  is to increase height as much as possible at
  right times during your daughter's childhood and
  teen years. Growth hormone treatment is given in
  the injection form several times a week. In
  addition, your doctor may recommend an androgen
  called oxandrolone.
• Most girls with Turner syndrome require estrogen
  and similar hormone therapy to start puberty and
  achieve adult sexual development. Normally,
  Estrogen replacement therapy carries on for life
  until a woman reaches the average age
  of menopause.

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• Its difficult to distinguish the symptoms of
  Turner syndrome from other disorders. See your
  primary care physician if you believe your
  daughter shows signs of Turner syndrome.

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