Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS): Information on symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)

• SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSISTREATMENT

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INTRODUCTION TO RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

• Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare cancer that forms in
  the body's soft tissues, such as muscle and
  connective tissue.
• In rhabdomyosarcoma, the cancer cells look
  similar to immature muscle cells.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma can affect the head,
  neck, bladder, vagina, arms, legs, trunk, or any
  body part. Cells from these tumors often grow
  fast and can quickly spread to other organs of
  the body.
• There are two types of Rhabdomyosarcoma in
  children, namely (i) Embryonal RMS and (ii)
  Alveolar RMS 

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Symptoms associated with Rhabdomyosarcoma

• Signs and symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma depend on
  where it occurs. Children with rhabdomyosarcoma
  may experience the following symptoms or
  signs In the nasal cavity
• Symptoms similar to a sinus infection
• Nosebleed
• In the ear 
• Earaches, bleeding, or discharge from the
  ear canal
• Mass growing from the ear canal

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Symptoms associated with Rhabdomyosarcoma

• Behind the eye 
• May cause the eye to bulge or swell
• May make the child look cross-eyed
• In the bladder, urinary tract, vagina, or
  testicle
• May cause blood in the urine and make urinating
  difficult
• Bleeding from the vagina
• Mass growing from the vagina
• Rapid growth around the testicles

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Symptoms associated with Rhabdomyosarcoma

• In the abdomen or pelvis 
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• In the arm or leg muscle 
• Mass, growth, lump, bump, or swelling in the
  leg or arm that may or may not be painful
• If the cancer has spread to other parts of the
  body, you child may experience chronic cough,
  bone pain, enlarged lymph nodes, weakness,
  or weight loss. 

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TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS FOR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

• If the doctor suspects your child with
  rhabdomyosarcoma, he or she will perform a
  thorough physical exam in addition to the
  following tests 
• Imaging Tests Imaging tests include CT scan,
  MRI, X-ray, bone scan and ultrasound. These tests
  are helpful in determining the size and location
  of the tumour.
• Biopsy A small price of cancerous tissue is
  removed from the body for further examination in
  a lab. Biopsy helps the doctor make a diagnosis
  and choose the right treatment.

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TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS FOR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

• Blood Tests Tests such as complete blood
  count, liver function panel and blood
  chemistries can also give vital information about
  how well the liver and other organs are
  functioning.
• Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy These
  procedures are performed in children with
  rhabdomyosarcoma for staging purposes. Staging
  helps determine the extent of the cancer and
  whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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Treatment options for rhabdomyosarcoma

• Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma and other
  soft-tissue tumours depends on the child's age
  and overall health. Treatment options for
  rhabdomyosarcoma include 
• Surgery When the tumour is in an area that
  doctors can reach safely, surgery is performed to
  remove as much of the tumour as possible.
• Radiation This treatment uses high-energy
  radiation from X-rays, gamma rays to target and
  destroy cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy Chemotherapy works to treat cancer
  throughout the body. It uses drugs that are
  combined to attack the cancer cells in different
  ways.

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