Cervical Cancer Treatment in India

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Cervical Cancer Treatment in India Top Cancer
Hospitals in India   Cervical cancer is the
malignancy that starts in the cervix. Cervical
cancer instigate from the cells located on the
surface of the cervix. Cervical cancer occurs in
several forms. The most common is squamous cell
carcinoma, which accounts for 85 to 90 percent of
cervical cancers. Other forms include
adenocarcinomas and combination cancers such as
adenosquamous carcinoma. Some strains of the
human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus transmitted
during sex, play a role in causing most cases of
cervical cancer. The type of cervical cancer is
determined by the type of cell where the early
genetic mutation occurred. The type also helps in
determining the specific treatment for a patient.
There are two main types of cervical cancer that
include Adenocarcinomas This type takes place
in the glandular cells lining the cervical canal.
Adenocarcinomas accounts for a smaller portion of
all cervical cancers. Squamous Cell
Carcinomas This type starts in the flat and thin
cells lining the bottom of the cervix. Squamous
cell carcinomas make up for a large majority of
cervical cancers.

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• What are Symptoms of Cervical Cancer?
• Abnormal bleeding - Women with cervical cancer
  may experience abnormal vaginal bleeding. This
  can be heavy or light bleeding during the month.
• Unusual heavy discharge - An increased vaginal
  discharge is also a symptom of cervical cancer.
  It may be foul smelling, watery, thick, or
  contain mucus. It varies from woman to woman. It
  is important to report any unusual vaginal
  discharge to your doctor.
• Pelvic pain - Pelvic pain that is not related
  to the normal menstrual cycle can be a cervical
  cancer symptom. Many women describe them ranging
  from a dull ache to sharp pains that can last
  hours. It can be mild or severe.
• Pain during urination - Bladder pain or pain
  during urination can be a symptom of advanced
  cervical cancer. This cervical cancer symptom
  usually occurs when cancer has spread to the
  bladder.

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• How to do Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer? 
• Pap Smear Test - A Pap smear is an examination
  under the microscope of cells scraped
• from the tip of the cervix. Doctors do this by
  putting an instrument called a speculum
• inside vagina and then scraping the cervix
  with a small brush. 
• Liquid Based Cytology - Liquid based cytology
  (LBC) is a way of preparing cervical
• samples for examination in the laboratory. The
  sample is collected in a similar way to the
• Pap smear, using a special device (spatula)
  which brushes cells from the neck of the
• womb.
• Hybrid Capture II Test - The Hybrid Capture II
  HPV test tells if treatment is essential for
• women or not. It is a DNA based test that
  provides information about 13 types of HPV
• virus that might be the agent of infection of
  cervical cells.
• Colposcopy - A colposcopy is a special way of
  looking at the cervix. It uses a light and a
• low-powered microscope to make the cervix
  appear much larger. This helps your health
• care provider find and then biopsy abnormal
  areas in your cervix. 

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• Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure
  (LEEP) - The test involves the use of an
• electrode put inside the cervix to remove
  abnormal cells from the cervix and endo-
• cervical canal. A high frequency electric
  current is running through the wire.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - This test
  uses magnetism to build up pictures of
• the organs in your abdomen. It is very good at
  imaging the tissues of the pelvis where
• the cancer is. MRI is painless, and the
  magnetism is harmless.
• Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan - A CT scan
  is a type of x-ray that gives a cross-
• sectional picture of organs and other
  structures (including any tumours) in your body.
• A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - A
  positron emission tomography (PET) scan
• can check to see if cancer has spread to other
  parts of the body.
• Blood tests. Based on the doctor's evaluation,
  the cancer will be classified into one of
• more than 10 substages. Staging helps
  Gyneconcologist determine what treatments may
• be more effective.

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• In general, stages for cervical cancer include
• Stage 0 or carcinoma in situ. Stage 0 cancer is
  preinvasive cancer, and abnormal
• cells appear only in the first layer of cells
  that line the cervix.
• Stage I. Stage I cancer is confined to the
  cervix. Gyneconcologist may further
• classify it as Stages IA1, IA2, IB1 or IB2
  depending on the size of the tumor and
• how deeply the cancer has invaded.
• Stage II. Stage II cancer has spread beyond the
  uterus, but not to the pelvic
• sidewall or the upper third of the vagina.
  Gyneconcologistmay classify it as Stage
• IIA or IIB.
• Stage III. In Stage III, the cancer extends to
  the pelvic wall or the lower third of
• the vagina or causes expansion of the ureters,
  resulting in kidney problems.
• Gyneconcologistmay classify it as Stage IIIA
  or IIIB based on whether cancer cells
• have extended to the sidewall of the pelvis.
• Stage IV. In Stage IV, the cancer has invaded
  the bladder or rectum and may
• extend beyond the pelvis. Gyneconcologistmay
  identify it as Stage IVA or IVB.

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Affordable Cervical Cancer Treatment Options in
India Surgery The following surgical procedures
may be used as part of cervical cancer
treatment. Conization - Conization, also called
a cone biopsy, is a procedure that is used to
remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the
cervix and cervical canal. A pathologist will
view the tissue under a microscope to look for
cancer cells. This type of surgery may be used to
diagnose or treat a cervical condition. Hysterect
omy - A hysterectomy (removal of the uterus but
not the ovaries) is not often performed for
cervical cancer that has not spread. It may be
done in women who have repeated LEEP
procedures. Radical Hysterectomy - Radical
Hysterectomy removes the uterus and much of the
surrounding tissues, including lymph nodes and
the upper part of the vagina.

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Cryosurgery - Cryosurgery is a treatment that
uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal
tissue, such as carcinoma in situ. This type of
cervical cancer surgery is also called
cryotherapy. Laser Surgery - Laser surgery is a
procedure that uses a laser beam (a narrow beam
of intense light) as a knife to make bloodless
cuts in tissue or to remove a surface lesion such
as a tumor. Pelvic Exenteration -  Surgery to
remove the lower colon, rectum, and bladder. In
women, the cervix, vagina, ovaries, and nearby
lymph nodes are also removed. Artificial openings
(stoma) are made for urine and stool to flow from
the body to a collection bag. Plastic surgery may
be needed to make an artificial vagina after this
operation. Treatment for cervical cancer
includes hysterectomy, radiation therapy and
chemotherapy. The form of treatment varies based
on the stage at which the cancer was detected.

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Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical cancer
Treatment  A Radical Hysterectomy is the
procedure by which the uterus and the cervix are
removed surgically. This procedure is performed
to treat certain gynecological conditions such as
cervical cancer and fibroids etc. Additionally,
depending on the stage of the cancer pelvic lymph
nodes and ovaries might be surgically
removed. Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer
Treatment Chemotherapy is the use of medicine to
cure cancer. Chemotherapy can be administered
intravenously, intramuscularly orally or
topically and several other ways. The medicine
travels throughout the body and also to the
cancerous organ. Once at the target organ the
medicine kills the cancer cells by cutting of
vital pathways in the cell cycle. Chemotherapy
can have temporary and permanent side. Some
individuals experience nausea and vomiting while
others may become infertile.

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Radiation Therapy for Cervical cancer
Treatment Radiation therapy uses a high intensity
X rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy
can utilize radiation from an external machine by
using radioisotopes inside the body. Unlike
chemotherapy treatment, radiation therapy can be
applied only to the area in which cancer cells
are present. This form of therapy is often used
in conjunction with chemotherapy and/or
hysterectomy. Treatment of cervical cancer
depends greatly on the stage at which the cancer
was detected. Advanced stage cancers will require
aggressive treatment while initial stages can be
treated relatively quickly.

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FAQ - Cervical Cancer Treatment in India How can
I find best hospitals for Cervical Cancer Surgery
in India? There are many excellent cervical
Cancer Hospitals in India and choosing one can be
difficult. Mail us your medical reports and we
will choose the hospital best equipped for your
condition, after consulting the surgeons. Is
cervical cancer a genetic disease? No, Cervical
Cancer is not a hereditary disease, and rather
happens because of a virus called Human
Papillomavirus (HPV). Why do people choose India
for Cervical Cancer Treatment and Surgery? India
has a complete medical facility specializing in
cancer. Most of the doctors are internationally
trained and experienced. Hospitals here are also
equipped with the latest infrastructure and the
low cost of treatments make India the most
favored nation.

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