Stomach (Gastric) Cancer: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

• CAUSES SYMPTOMS TREATMENT DIAGNOSIS

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What is Stomach cancer ?

• Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer,
  begins when cells on the inside lining of the
  stomach (adenocarcinoma) become abnormal and grow
  hysterically. Stomach cancers are classified
  according to the type of tissue from which they
  originate. The most common forms of stomach
  cancer include adenocarcinoma, lymphomas and
  sarcomas. 

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Causes of Stomach cancer

• The precise cause of stomach cancer is not clear,
  but various medical conditions can increase the
  risk, including
• Smoking
• Obesity
• A diet rich in smoked, pickled, or salty foods
• Stomach surgery for an ulcer
• Certain genes
• Working in coal, metal, timber, or rubber
  industries
• Stomach cancer is often seen in people over age
  55, and affects men more than women. 

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Symptoms of stomach cancer

• Stomach cancer is usually not detected early
  because it often does not cause specific
  symptoms. However, when they do occur, they may
  include 
• Indigestion or heartburn
• Pain or discomfort in the abdomen
• Nausea and vomiting, particularly vomiting up
  solid food shortly after eating
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Bloating of the stomach after meals

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Symptoms Continue

• Loss of appetite
• Sensation of food getting stuck in the throat
  while eating
• Weakness and fatigue
• Vomiting blood or having blood in the stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Trouble swallowing

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diagnosis of stomach cancer

• When you show some of the initial symptoms such
  as indigestion, weight loss, nausea, and loss of
  appetite, your doctor may recommend screening
  tests including 
• Blood tests to look for disease-causing
  substances in the blood and complete blood
  count to determine the number of red blood cells.
• X-rays of the esophagus and stomach which helps
  the doctor find tumors or other abnormal areas.
• Fecal occult blood test to look for blood in the
  stool

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Diagnosis continue

• Gastroscopy test examines the esophagus and
  stomach using a thin, lighted instrument called a
  gastroscope, which is passed through the mouth
  down to the stomach. This helps the doctor look
  at the inside of the stomach.
• A biopsy procedure is performed in which the
  doctor removes some tissue for examination. It is
  the only sure way to diagnose cancer.
• CT scans, MRI are also performed that provide
  detailed images of the organs.

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Treatment of stomach cancer

• Surgery The aim of the surgery is to remove all
  of the stomach cancer and some healthy tissues,
  when possible. Options include A.Removing
  early-stage tumors from the stomach
  lining B.Removing a portion of the stomach known
  as subtotal gastrectomy C.Removing the entire
  stomach known as total gastrectomy D.Removing
  lymph nodes to look for cancer e.Surgery to
  relieve signs and symptoms
• Radiation therapy Radiation therapy can be used
  before surgery to shrink a stomach tumor so that
  it's easily removed. The therapy uses
  high-powered beams of energy, such as X-rays, to
  execute cancer cells.

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Treatment continue

• Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a drug treatment
  that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. It can
  be given before surgery to help shrink a tumor
  for easy removal. Chemotherapy is often used in
  combination with radiation therapy.
• Targeted therapy This type of therapy uses drugs
  that attack specific irregularities within cancer
  cells.
• Prior to the commencement of treatment, discuss
  any possible side effects of your specific
  treatment plan with the oncologist. If you
  experience any problem during the treatment, be
  sure to inform him.

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Preventions of stomach cancer

• The most important way to prevent stomach cancer
  is to avoid cigarette smoking. Eating more fruits
  and vegetables and less smoked or pickled foods,
  salt, and foods with a high amount of nitrates is
  helpful as well.
• Wear protective garments if working in the coal
  mining, metal processing, or rubber industries.
  Occupational exposure in these industries has
  been shown to increase the risk of gastric
  cancer.

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Complications of stomach cancer

• Complications related to gastric cancer are
  two-fold. If the cancer is not treated, many
  complications are associated with the disease
  progression. These include pain, weight loss,
  difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomiting and
  bleeding. The cancer may spread to the liver and
  cause such complications as jaundice, ascites
  (fluid collection in the abdominal cavity), fever
  and malaise.
• Complications may be associated with the
  treatment. Gastrectomy may necessitate lifestyle
  changes. Some patients may need to eat smaller
  meals more frequently. There may be a change in
  bowel habits.   

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