Twyla Garrett Baltimore Future of homeland security

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Twyla Garrett BaltimoreHomeland Security

• Twyla Garrett
• DEVRY UNIVERSITY FT. WASHINGTON CAMPUS

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Homeland Security

• DHS was created November 25, 2003 with the
  signing of the Homeland Security Act of 2002
• DHS combined 22 federal agencies/programs with
  roughly 1,200 employees.
• Direct response to September 2001 attacks
• Foci on security of civil aviation and protection
  of US borders the major vulnerabilities
  revealed on 9-11-01
• Homeland Security, prior to DHS, was a policy
  arena characterized by a competition between DOD
  and DOJ

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Components of Homeland Security

• US Department of the Treasury
• Customs Service
• Secret Service
• Federal Emergency Management Agency
• Government Services Administration
• Federal Protective Service
• Federal Computer Incident Response Center

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DHS Manpower in 2003

• USCG 43,639 employees
• TSA 41,300/70,000 employees
• INS/Border Patrol 39,459 employees
• Customs Service 21,743 employees
• Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
  8,620 employees
• Secret Service 6,111 employees
• FEMA 5,135 employees (2.5-3 of DHS total)

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DHS Mission

• We will lead the unified national effort to
  secure America. We will prevent and deter
  terrorist attacks and protect against and respond
  to threats and hazards to the nation. We will
  ensure safe and secure borders, welcome lawful
  immigrants and visitors, and promote the
  free-flow of commerce.

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Expected Strengths

• Some very successful programs but success does
  not always mean survival when administrations
  change
• Strong working relationships with state and local
  counterparts in some agencies
• Strong working relationships with private and
  nonprofit partners in some agencies
• Increasing transparency and openness in working
  with the public and with state and local
  officials

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Expected Obstacles

• Intra-organizational problems integration of 22
  agencies/programs military, law enforcement,
  agriculture, biomedicine, disaster relief,
  insurance, fire service, etc.
• Inter-organizational problems coordination with
  the estimated 100 agencies in 12 departments
  outside of DHS involved in Homeland Security
• Political problems due to turf battles among the
  88 separate Congressional committees having
  oversight

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Expected Obstacles

• Mission problems reconciling DHS non-terrorism
  related missions especially insurance and
  disaster recovery missions
• Shared responsibility problems nations
  intelligence capabilities, namely the CIA and
  FBI, not part of DHS, but critical to security
• Agency administrative problems - Uncertainties
  concerning problem agencies, especially Border
  Patrol, INS, and Customs Service
• Civil Service-related administrative problems
  e.g., demographic bubble

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Mission Problems

• Declining public support for the Iraq War the
  ambiguous War on Terrorism
• Decreasing private sector willingness to invest
  in security
• Increasing conflicts with state and local
  counterparts over priorities, funding, etc.
• Increasing questions concerning capabilities to
  do non-counter-terrorism missions e.g., the
  2004 Baltimore hurricane response

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Issues to Be Resolved

• How to expand from a prevention approach to an
  all-hazards approach NRP controversy
• How to expand focus from counter-terrorism to
  dealing with other threats to life and property
• How to develop mitigation programs for terrorism
  as well as for natural and technological hazards
• How to transition from prevention to mitigation,
  response, and recovery functions when attacks
  cannot be prevented

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Issues to Be Resolved

• How to improve intra-organizational and
  inter-organizational information sharing
• How to resolve turf and culture battles to
  coordinate national efforts - TOPOFF problems
• How to build state and local capabilities to
  respond to terrorist and non-terrorist threats
• How to involve nongovernmental organizations and
  volunteers the traditional disaster system
  resources in Homeland Security the Citizens
  Corps controversy
• How to leverage private sector resources for
  national Homeland Security efforts, including how
  to get the private sector to protect itself