Retinal Detachment: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

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RETINAL DETACHMENT

• causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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What is Retinal Detachment ?

• Retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the
  eye, which helps to see images focused on it by
  the cornea and lens. Retinal Detachment is an eye
  disorder, wherein the retina gets separated from
  the underlying layer of blood vessels, which
  supplies oxygen and other nutrients to it. When
  the retina gets detached, the supply of oxygen
  and nutrients are stopped. If the condition is
  left untreated, it may even lead to a complete
  vision loss and blindness. There are three types
  of retinal detachment
• rhegmatogenous
• tractional
• exudative
•  

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Symptoms of Retinal Detachment 

• Sudden appearance of flashing bright lights,
  especially in the peripheral vision
• Vision becomes blurred
• The individuals experience illusions that some
  small objects like spots, hairs, or strings ,are
  moving in the eye (called floaters)
• Blindness in the affected eye
• A shadow keeps appearing in the vision field

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Causes for Retinal Detachment

• Bending or drooping of the vitreous that can
  occur with advancing age, due to a change in its
  consistency
• Advanced stages of diabetes
• Trauma/injury to the eye
• Any eye inflammatory disorder may trigger retinal
  detachment

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Risk Factors of Retinal Detachment

• Adults above the age of 40 years
• A previous occurrence of retinal detachment
• A family history of the condition
• Individuals with severe nearsightedness
• Any previous eye surgery, like cataract removal
• Congenital abnormalities affecting the eye
• Any trauma or eye injury (including head injury),
  experienced previously
• Use of certain eye drops (like pilocarpine for tre
  atment of glaucoma - a condition of elevated eye
  pressures)
• Certain disorders affecting the eye, such as
  chronic inflammation of the eye (known as
  uveitis)
• Participation in certain rough/contact sports,
  like boxing

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Diagnosis of Retinal Detachment 

• Physical examination and evaluation of complete
  medical history
• Electroretinogram
• Measuring the intraocular pressure
• Fluorescein angiography
• Ophthalmoscopy
• Refraction test
• Retinal photography, which aims to project the
  photographs of the inner surface of the eye
• Visual acuity
• Slit-lamp examination
• Ultrasound of the eye

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Treatment of Retinal Detachment

• Most individuals suffering from retinal
  detachment would need a surgery, either
  immediately or after a short time. When the eye
  condition is mild, then surgery may be performed
  using lasers to close the holes/tears in the
  retina or Pneumatic retinopexy in which gas
  bubbles are placed in the eye, in order to make
  the retina go back to its original place. 

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Prevention of Retinal Detachment

• Use of protective eye wear is recommended, when
  working with hammers, lawn mowers, weed-eaters,
  fireworks, or any similar equipment that can
  cause an eye injury
• All diabetic individuals are advised to keep
  their sugar level under control consistently
• Consultation with an eye specialist at least once
  a year is recommended, especially for elderly
  adults and those who are at risk for a retinal
  detachment

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