Acute Kidney Injury

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Acute Kidney Injury

• Causes Symptoms Treatment

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CAUSES OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

• Acute Kidney Injury is common in the critically
  ill, especially in patients with sepsis and other
  forms of systemic inflammation, but other causes
  must be considered. Let us look at the most
  common causes.
• Improper fluid balance
• Elevated potassium levels
• High blood urea nitrogen
• High blood creatinine
• Enlargement of prostate gland

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CONTINUE- CAUSES OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

• Exposure to toxins
• Low volume of blood
• Low urine production
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Interstitial nephritis
• Acute nephritic syndrome
• Clotting of kidney's blood vessels

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SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

• Diagnosis is carried out with blood tests and
  urine tests. The symptoms of acute renal
  failure are associated with a decrease in urine
  production and swelling in specific parts of the
  body. The symptoms are 
• Decreased urine production
• Decreased appetite
• Swelling of ankle, hands, and feet
• Bloody stools

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CONTINUE- SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

• High blood pressure
• Bleeding of nose
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Bruising easily
• Metallic taste in mouth
• Decreased sensation
• Rapid hiccups
• Seizures
• Sluggish movements

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TREATMENT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

• Pharmacologic therapy of AKI
• Hemodialysis
• Biocompatible membranes
• Dopamine not recommended either as prophylaxis or
  treatment (Lancet 2000) esp in critically ill pts
  as proven in ANZICS trial where renal dose
  dopamine was not associated with any decrease in
  s/cr or RRT.
• Diuretics
• CRRT vs IHD