superchargers and turbo chargers

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SUPER CHARGING AND TURBO CHARGING

• Submitted by
• AFLAH K
• MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
• EKC TECHNICAL CAMPUS

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CONTENDS

• Introduction
• Supercharging
• Why supercharging ?
• Types of superchargers
• Effects of supercharging
• Limitations of supercharging
• Turbo charging
• Advantages of turbocharging
• conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

• Power output of an engine depends on
• 1. Amount of air induced into the cylinder.
• 2. speed of the engine.
• 3. Thermal efficiency of engine..etc
• The best method to increase power output is to
  increase the mean effective pressure, and it can
  be achieved by supplying air fuel mixture at a
  pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
• Methode of supplying air or air- fuel at a
  pressure higher than the usual suction pressure
  is called supercharging and the equipment used
  for this purpose is called super charger.

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SUPERCHARGING

• A supercharger is an equipment that
  compresses the air being delivered to an engine,
  allowing the combustion chamber to be overfilled
  without enlarging the space.
• The higher concentration of oxygen provided by
  a super- charger is matched with a larger amount
  of fuel from the fuel injectors thus boosting
  the power of the engine.
  

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WHY SUPERCHARGER ?

• Increases the power of an engine.
• Increases the torque produced.
• An efficiently working supercharger can achieve
  the same speed in one third time.
• Necessary in aero-planes as they have less oxygen
  at high altitudes.
• Ensures complete combustion of the fuel.
• Reduces pollution to some extent.

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TYPES OF SUPER CHARGERS

• If supercharger is driven by a engine crank
  shaft, then its a mechanically driven
  supercharger and those superchargers which are
  driven by gas turbines using power of engine
  exhaust gas are called as turbochargers.
• superchargers are classified into
• 1 .centrifugal type
• 2 .roots type
• 3 .vane type

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CENTRIFUGAL TYPE

• A centrifugal supercharger works by powering an
  impeller at very high speeds to quickly draw
  air into a small compressor housing.
• Impeller speeds can reach 50,000 to 60,000 RPM.
• Centrifugal superchargers are the most efficient
  and the most common induction systems.
• They are small, lightweight and attachable to the
  front of the engine.

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ROOT BLOWER SUPERCHARGER

• .
• Roots superchargers are usually large and sit on
  top of the engine.
• Roots superchargers are the least efficient
  supercharger for two reasons-
• 1.) They add more weight to the vehicle.
• 2. )They provide air in discrete bursts instead
  of providing in a smooth and continuous manner

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VANE SUPERCHARGER

• Number of vanes are mounted on drum of
  supercharger.
• Vanes are always in contact with body surface.
• Space between inner surface of the body and the
  drum decreases from inlet to outlet. So volume of
  mixture entering the inlet decreases and pressure
  increases as mixture reaches outlet.
• Wearig at tip of vane is a major problem in these
  types of supercharger

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EFFECTS OF SUPERCHARGING

• High power input.
• Better scavenging of products.
• Quick acceleration of vehicles.
• Complete and smoother combustion.
• Reduced exhaust smoke.
• Reduced specific fuel .consumption in turbo
  charging.
• Increased mechanical efficiency.

• Increased detonation tendency in SI engines.
• Smoother operation and reduction of diesel knock
  tendency.
• Poor ignition quality fuels can be used.

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• LIMITATIONS OF SUPERCHARGING
• Thermal load on various parts of engine increases
  by supercharging.In some engines,piston crown ,
  edge of exhaust valve etc is covered by
  temperature withstanding materials.
• In existing engines,extend of super charging
  depend upon ability of engine to withstand
  increased gas loading and thermal stress.
• Durability , reliability and fuel economy are
  factors which limit degree of supercharging.

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TURBO CHARGING

• Turbo supercharging system is commonly used in
  most of the engines.
• When the engine is in operation, hot exhaust gas
  from engine enters into the turbine.
• It strikes on blades of turbine wheel and
  turbine wheel runs at high speed.as turbine wheel
  is connected to the compressor wheel through
  turbo shaft. compressor wheel imparts centrifugal
  force on air and throws out.
• Air flowing out of turbo charger enters the
  engine cylinder at high pressure.

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• ADVANTAGES OF TURBO SUPERCHARGER
• Weight per kg of air compressed is minimum.
• Minimum maintenance cost.
• Exhaust noise is reduced.
• no gearing arrangement is required between super
  charger and turbine.

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Supercharger, An edge over turbocharger

• Superchargers do not suffer lag- Superchargers
  have no lag time because they are driven directly
  by the crankshaft, whereas Turbochargers suffer
  from lag because it takes a few moments before
  the exhaust gases reach a velocity that is
  sufficient to drive the impeller/turbine.
• Modification of the exhaust system- Installing a
  turbocharger requires extensive modification of
  the exhaust system, but superchargers can be
  bolted to the top or side of the engine , that
  makes them cheaper to install and easier to
  service and maintain.

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Contd....

• Shutdown procedure-
• No special shutdown procedure is required with
  superchargers as they are not lubricated by
  engine oil . They can be shut down normally.
  Turbochargers must idle for about 30 seconds or
  so prior to shutdown so the lubricating oil has a
  chance to cool down.

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CONCLUSION

• Superchargers can result in power increase of 50
  to 100 percent, making them great for racing,
  towing heavy loads or just adding excitement to
  the typical driving experience.
• Despite their disadvantages, superchargers are
  still the most cost-effective way to increase
  horsepower.
• With the use of high octane premium-grade gas , I
  think it is a miracle invention for speed lovers.
  

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• THANK YOU!