Introduction to gss part 2

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GNSS Surveying (GE 205)
Lecture 2, March 1, 2015
Introduction to GNSS

• Kutubuddin ANSARI
• kutubuddin.ansari_at_ikc.edu.tr

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GLONASS
GLObal NAvigation Satellite System, Russia
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Introduction to GLONASS

• Russian satellite navigation system
• positioning by measuring distances to satellites
  with known positions
• First launch in 1982
• Complete constellation in 1996
• Modernized Glonass-M and new Glonass-K
• Next launch 25 December 2005 (3 Satellites)
• 18 operational satellites in 2007
• Present constellation (24) satellites

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GLONASS Integration

• Advantages
• Improved precision
• Improved reliability and integrity
• More flexibility in positioning

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GLONASS Space Segment
GLONASS GPS 24 satellites
24 3 orbit planes 6 64,8
inclination 55 11h16m orbit period
11h58m
1998
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GLONASS Control Segment
Main task predict satellite orbits and clock
behavior Components System Control
Center planning and coordination of
activities Phase Control System monitor
satellite clocks by comparing satellite signals
with system time Telemetry, Tracking and
Command Stations computation of satellite
orbits by radar distance measurement,
communication, control segment for the
satellites, monitoring of satellite signals
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GLONASS Control Segment
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GLONASS User Segment

• Development of user segment
• GLONASS in 1993 released for international civil
  use
• all-in-view single frequency receivers
  available since 1996
• all-in-view dual frequency receivers available
  since 1998
• Receiver manufacturers
• Ashtech, JPS/TPS, 3S Navigation (single dual
  freq.)
• Novatel, MAN Technologie, Zeiss, Dasa (single
  freq.)

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• European Geostationary Navigation Overlay
  Service
• (EGNOS) and Galileo

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The Structure of EGNOS and Galileo

• European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
• Search for a system started in 1995
• Developed the framework for EGNOS
• EGNOS went into operation in 2004
• EGNOS technology will be integrated into Galileo
  in 2006-2008.
• Precursor to Galileo
• Enhances GPS/GLONASS

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Why was it developed?

• As opposed to GPS, which was developed primarily
  for military uses, Galileo was developed
  exclusively for civilian use.
• There are zero militarily uses for Galileo as of
  right now, and no plans for military use in the
  future.

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Space Segment

• Contains a total of 30 satellites 27 are
  operational
• 3 spare satellites
• Satellites are in 3 different planes, equally
  spaced around the plane.
• Altitude 23, 600 km
• Satellites are in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
• 3 Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellites.

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Space Segment

• Each satellite has a period of 14 hours and 22
  minutes
• Each satellite can last for 20 years, although
  they may be replaced every 12 years
• At any point on earth, at least 6 satellites will
  be in view.

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Control Segment

• 4 Mission Control Centers which contain a Central
  Processing Facility (CPF)
• 34 Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations
  (RIMS)
• 6 Navigation Land Earth Stations

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Control Segment

• Mission control - maintains the management of
  satellite clocks
• Satellite control - monitors if the satellite
  orbits are on path

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User Segment

• Consists of one of two receivers one that uses
  GPS or one that uses GLONASS.
• EGNOS is also programmed into that receiver.
• EGNOS helps sharpen the receivers position from
  20 meters of error to as little as 5 meters of
  error.

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• COMPASS
• BeiDou Navigation Satellite
• System (BDS), China

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COMPASS
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Space Segment
5 GEO satellites and 30 Non-GEO satellites
GEO (Geostationary Earth orbit) Satellite
MEO ( Medium Earth Orbit) Satellite
Constellation
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Control Segment

• The ground segment consists of
• Master Control Station,
• Upload Stations and
• Monitor Stations.

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User Segment
The user segment consists of BeiDou user
terminals and interoperable terminals with other
GNSS.
User terminals of BeiDou system
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Deployment Step

• 3 GEO satellites has been launched since 2000 to
  2003
• The demonstration system is able to provide basic
  services including positioning, timing and
  short-message communication in regional area.
• Currently, all the 3 satellites work normally in
  orbit.

Oct 31,2000
Dec 21,2000
May 25 ,2003
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COMPASS-M1 Launch
The first MEO satellite named COMPASS-M1 was
launched in Apr. 2007 which secured the time
related filing. Many technical experimentations
have been implemented using COMPASS-M1.
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COMPASS-G2 Launch
The first GEO satellite named COMPASS-G2 was
launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center
on Apr.15 2009. The GEO navigation satellite
related technologies have been verified using the
satellite.
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GEO Satellite Launch Latterly
The 3rd satellite of BeiDou was launched from
the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on Jan.17
2010. The satellite is also the 2nd GEO satellite.
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Deployment Step
BeiDou started to cover Asia-Pacific area
from around 2012, and will cover all over the
world before 2020.
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Applications

• BeiDou Navigation Demonstration System has
  played important roles in various areas.
• Surveyi and mapping
• Communication
• Water conservancy
• Disaster mitigation
• Marine
• Transportation
• Mining
• Forest fire rescue
• etc.

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Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
(IRNSS), India
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IRNSS Objective
IRNSS Refers to Indian Regional Navigation
Satellite System implemented by the Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO) IRNSS is an
independent Navigation Satellite System providing
Navigation services in the Indian Region.
IRNSS system provides the user with a targeted
position accuracy of better than 20m over India
and the region extending to about 1500 km around
India.
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Space Segment

• Consists of 7 Satellites, 3 in Geo-Stationary
  orbit at 32.5,83 and 131.5 East.
• 4 Satellites in GEO Synchronous orbit at
  inclination of 29 with Longitude crossing at 55
  and 111.75 East.
• The full constellation started to operate from
  2015

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Space Segment
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Control Segment
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User Segment
The user segment consists of IRNSS receivers
operating in Single Frequency Receiver Dual
Frequency Receiver
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Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) , Japan
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QZSS

• The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS)
  developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
  (JAXA) is a regional navigation satellite system.
• Which is used as a constellation of satellites
  placed in Highly-inclined Elliptical Orbits
  (HEO).
• A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic
  orbit with a low-altitude (often under 1,000
  kilometers) perigee and a high-altitude (often
  over 35,786 kilometers apogee).
• This is to ensure that one of the satellites is
  always visible near zenith over Japan, including
  in urban and mountainous areas whereby it is
  difficult to receive GNSS signals.

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Overview of QZSS

• Objective
• GNSS complementary
• Improve availability
• Improve accuracy
• First QZSS Satellite
• First Launched in September 2010
• Future QZSS Satellites
• 2 HEO and 1 GEO End of March
• 2018

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Space Segment
Satellites will become 4
3 (Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) 1 Geostationary
Earth Orbit (GEO )
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Coverage Area (East Asia and Oceania)
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Ground Segment

• QZS tracking and control station

• Time control test station (in Koganei and
  Okinawa)

• Monitor test station (9 overseas and domestic
  stations)
• Master Control Station (in Tsukuba)

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Projects

• Monthly Ionospheric Error and its comparison
  during quiet and storm days for diurnal variation
• Ionospheric Error and its comparison with
  International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model
  buy using cross correlation coefficient.
• Tropospheric Error and its relation with
  temperature
• Triangular affine transformation from ITRF to
  local datum and barycentric coordinate
• Dislocation Modelling of the high-precision
  Global Positioning System displacements