Components Used In Electrical and Electronic Projects

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Introduction

• There are numerous basic electrical and
  electronic components are normally found in
  numerous circuits of peripherals like hard disks,
  mother boards, etc. Several circuits are designed
  with numerous components like resistors,
  capacitors, inductors, transistors, transformers,
  switches and fuses etc. 

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
The Major Electrical and Electronic Components Are

• The major electrical and electronic
  components utilized in electrical and electronic
  projects are.

• Resistors, Capacitors, Fuses, Transistors,
  Integrated Circuits, Relays, Switches, Motors,
  Circuit Breakers, Resistors, Inductors,
  Transformers, Battery, And Fuse.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
About Active and Passive Components

1. Active components

• A component that provides and controls energy. 

2. Passive Components

• A component that responds to the flow of voltage
  and either dissipates or store energy.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Resistor

• A resistor is an electrical component that
  restricts the flow of a current in a circuit.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Resistor

• The electrical device may also be used to afford
  a particular voltage to a semiconductor.
• Once current flows through the resistor.
• The resistor absorbs the voltage and degenerates
  within the form of heat.
• Resistors might have variable or mounted
  resistances.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Resistor

• The current flow through a resistor is directly
  proportional to the voltage across the resistor
  terminals.
• The relationship is pictured by Ohms law.
• Ohms law VIR from this equation, we are able to
  get IV/R
• Where, V is that the voltage of the conductor,
  I is the current through the conductor.
• R is the resistance of the conductor.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Capacitor

• A capacitor is a two  terminal linear passive
  component that is made from 2 conductive plates
  with an insulator between them.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Capacitor

• The main function of a capacitor is that, it
  stores voltage once an electrical charge is
  forced onto its terminals from a power supply.
• It maintains the charge even when getting
  disconnected from the power supply.
• A capacitor is employed with a resistor and can
  also be used as a filter to permit the AC signals
  and block the DC signals.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Capacitor

• The stored electrical charge is QCV
• Where, C is the capacitive reactance and V is
  the applied voltage.
• Thus, the current flow through a capacitor is I
  C dv/dt

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Microcontroller

• A microcontroller is  a small computer on a
  single integrated circuit.
• It assembles all the options which are found
  within the microprocessor. 

• it has a high concentration of on chip amenities
  like RAM, ROM, timers I/O ports, serial port,
  interrupt and clock circuit. 
• These are used in numerous automatically
  controlled devices like remote controls, medical
  devices, automobile engine control systems, power
  tools, toys, workplace machines, and different
  embedded systems.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Inductor

• An inductor or coil or a reactor is a
  two-terminal passive electrical component.
• It stores voltage within the form of magnetic
  energy.
• Generally an inductor includes of a conductor.

• component wound into a coil that works on the
  principle of Faradays law of inductance. 
• Once a current flows through the coil from the
  left side to the right side.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Inductor

• The coil produces a magnetic field within the
  clockwise direction.
• The inductance of the inductor is denoted by L.
• L (µ.K.N2.S)/I.
• Where,

• L is an inductance.
• K is a Nagaoka constant.
• µ is a Magnetic permeability.
• N is the number of turns of the coils.
• S is the Cross section area of the coil.
• I is the Length of the coil in axial direction.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Transformer

• A transformer is an electrical device and it
  consists of 2 coils of wire that are joined by an
  iron core.
• It has the capability of changing the current and
  voltage levels simply.
• The main function of the transformer is that to
  increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) AC
  voltages.
• The transformer works on the principle of
  Faradays law of electromagnetic induction.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Transformer

• It means that mutual inductance between 2
  circuits that is linked by a common magnetic
  flux. 
• Transformer converts an electrical energy from
  one circuit to another circuit.
• With the help of mutual induction between the 2
  windings without electrical connection between
  them.
• It converts power from one circuit to another
  circuit without changing the frequency.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Transformer

• In a step up transformer, secondary winding
  contains a lot of winding than the first coil. 
• Transformer has more windings in the primary than
  the secondary winding.
• These are one of the main reasons we use AC
  current in our homes and not DC.
• DC voltages cant be modified using transformers. 

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Battery

• A battery is an electrical device that is
  employed to convert chemical energy into voltage
  through electrochemical discharge reactions. 
• Batteries are composed of one or more cells where
  each cell having an anode (), the cathode (-)
  and the solution.
• The anode and the cathode are preserved to an
  electric circuit.
• Batteries are classified into 2 varieties

1. Primary or disposable batteries
2. Secondary or rechargeable batteries

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Battery

• The primary batteries dont seem to be
  reversible.
• The secondary batteries are reversible.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Fuse

• A fuse is a material or a bit of wire which is
  employed to protect the components from
  destruction due to excessive current flowing
  through them.
• When excessive current flows through the circuit,
  the wires get heated up and get broken.
• When wire get broken, the current stops flowing. 
• When the fuse melts due to overflow of current
  then, the part of the fuse absorbs some energy.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Fuse

• The absorbed energy is given by I2t.
• Where, I is the peak value of the current
  interrupted
• t is the time taken to clear the fault.
• When the fuse blows, it offers a signal that
  there is some reasonably fault within the
  circuit.
• A fuse element is made of Zn, copper, silver,
  aluminium or alloys to afford sure
  characteristics. 

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Diode/LED (Light Emitting Diode)

• A diode is a device, which is made from
  semiconductor material that allows current to
  flow in one direction.
• It blocks the current that tries to travel
  against the flow in a wire. 
• These devices are often used in several
  electronic circuits that convert AC to DC.
• An LED is the alternative of the diode.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Diode/LED (Light Emitting Diode)

• Once a current is applied to an LED it emits
  light at a specific frequency.
• LEDs are utilized in varied applications like.

• Keyboards
• Hard disks
• TV remote controls

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Transistors

• The transistor is a device, which consists of 3
  terminals.
• It fabricated from semiconductor material that
  controls the flow of voltage or current.
• It acts as a switch for electronic signals.
• There are 2 varieties of transistors PNP and NPN.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Transistors

• Most circuits uses NPN semiconductor.
• Transistors are designed in numerous shapes.
• The 3 terminals of the semiconductor are the base
  (B), emitter (E) and collector(C).
• The base terminal is responsible for activating
  the transistor.
• The emitter terminal is the negative lead and
  collector terminal is the positive lead.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Integrated Circuit

• Integrated circuit is also called IC and
  sometimes it is additionally known as a chip.
• The integrated circuit is a semiconductor device.
• It has numerous resistors, capacitors, and
  transistors are fabricated.

• It will operate as a microprocessor, microchip,
  amplifier, and timer.
• An IC is classified as either linear or nonlinear
  depending on its application.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Integrated Circuit

• Linear ICs or analog integrated circuits have
  continuously variable O/P. 
• It depends on the level of i/p signal.
• These linear ICs are used as audio frequency and
  radio frequency amplifiers.
• Digital ICs operate at only some defined states,
  instead of over a continuous vary of signal
  amplitudes. 
• The basic structure of digital integrated
  circuits is logic gates.
• Integrated circuits uses in computers, modems,
  computer networks and frequency counters. 

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Relays

• Relays are switches. It is used to control the
  circuits by employing a low power signal. 
• The relays comprise of a magnet, a coil, a series
  of electrical contacts and a spring.
• There is no electrical connection between the two
  circuits within the relay.
• It is connected through the magnetic connection.
• Relays are used to perform logical operations in
  telephone exchanges and computers.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Relays
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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
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Switches
A switch is an electrical device, it is employed
to interrupt the circuit. The switch works with
ON and OFF mechanism.  It Interrupt the
current and provide the current from one
conductor to a different conductor. 
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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
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Switches

• Switches are classified into four varieties like

• (SPST) Single pole single throw.
• (SPDT) Single pole double throw.
• (DPST) Double pole single throw.
• (DPDT) Double pole double throw.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
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Motors

• A motor is an electrical device, it converts
  electrical energy into mechanical energy.
• The motor contains rotor, stator, bearings,
  conduit box, enclosure and eye bolt.
• The motors are competent for the tasks which they
  perform when compared to pneumatic or hydraulic
  alternatives. 

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
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Motors

• Motors are categorized into different types like.

• AC inductance motors
• DC motors And Stepper motor
• Three phase induction motor
• Brushless magnet electric motor
• Brushed DC motor
• Switched reluctance motor.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Circuit Breakers

• A circuit breaker is a mechanical switching
  device which is operated automatically.
• It used to defend an electric circuit from damage
  caused by overload or short circuit.
• The most functions of the circuit breaker is to
  interrupt current flow and determine a fault
  condition.
• It includes of  two contacts like moving
  mounted contacts. 

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
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Circuit Breakers

• Moving contact It is to interrupt and create the
  circuit victimization stored energies in the kind
  of spring or compressed air. 
• Mounted contact Includes a spring that holds the
  moving contact when closing.

• These devices accommodate two coils, closing and
  tripping coil.
• Wherever closing coil is used to shut the circuit
  and tripping coil is employed to trip the circuit.

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Electrical and Electronic Components Used in
Projects
Conclusion

• This list offers a quick info concerning
  different types of electronic and electrical
  components that are utilized in various
  electronic and electrical projects, embedded
  systems.

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