Basic Computer & MS Office

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Objectives

• At the end of this session, students will be able
  to
• Define a computer
• Define basic computer terms
• Identify the different types of computers
• Identify the different parts of a computer
• Describe the working of a computer

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Introduction to Computers

• A computer
• Is an electronic machine
• Allow users to store information
• Enables to carry out different operations to
  process that information

Computer Basics / Session 1
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Uses of Computers

• A computer allow users to store information in
  various formats and process it to perform
  different actions
• Process complex data
• Access information remotely
• Watch movies for entertainment
• The different tasks that are executed by an user
  using a computer are
• Store, format, and print text files
• Write, test, and execute different types of
  software
• Maintain records of financial statements
• Present information in a visually appealing
  manner
• Access various kinds of information and resources
  from all over the world
• Exchange electronic mails with contacts
• Watch movies, listen to music, and play games

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Terminology 1-7

• The description of the following terms helps the
  user to understand the working of the computer in
  detail
• Hardware
• Are physical components of a computer
• Includes all the mechanical, electronic and
  magnetic parts of a computer
• Software
• Is a program that enables the computer to operate
• Is a set of codes or rules in electronic form
• Instructs the computer about actions to be taken
• Referred as a program or an application
• Example - Internet Explorer is a software for
  accessing the Internet

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Terminology 2-7

• Operating System (OS)
• Is collective software that integrates various
  software programs
• Acts as an interface between the user and the
  computer
• Manages interaction between software and hardware
  resources
• Example - Microsoft Windows is an operating
  system
• Data
• Is a distinct piece of information present in a
  form suitable for computer processing
• Is different from programs
• Can exist in various formats, such as electronic
  format or number or text on a paper
• Example - Numbers entered by the user are data
  for the calculator program

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Terminology 3-7

• Workstation
• Is a type of computer used for professional tasks
  that require high performance
• Have the capacity to store and process large
  quantities of data
• Have more powerful resources than regular desktop
  computers
• Linked together to form a network of computers
  known as local area network
• Booting
• Is a process by which the operating system loads
  and starts when the computer is turned on

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Terminology 4-7

• Units of Memory
• Represents data by presence or absence of
  electronic charge
• Uses only two numbers to represent any kind of
  data known as binary data
• A Bit or binary digit
• Is the smallest unit of data that can be stored
  on a machine
• Can have only one of the two possible values, 0
  or 1
• Is not suitable to measure data in large
  quantities
• Bytes
• Are series of bits combined into larger units to
  obtain meaningful information.

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Terminology 5-7

• The table lists the units of measurement of
  computer data

Higher Unit Lower Unit
1 Byte 8 Bits
1 Kilobyte (KB) 1024 Bytes
1 Megabyte (MB) 1024 KB
1 Gigabyte (GB) 1024 MB
1 Terabyte (TB) 1024 GB
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Terminology 6-7

• Units of Speed kHz, MHz, GHz
• All electronic components work on a clock signal
• The number of oscillations per second determines
  the speed of the device
• The table lists the different units of speed

Unit of Speed Number of Clock Cycles
Kilohertz (kHz) One thousand clock cycles per second
Megahertz (MHz) One million clock cycles per second
Gigahertz (GHz) One billion clock cycles per second
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