Test #5 Notes

1
Test 5

• Chapters 2, 17, 18

2
Building Health Skills

• Chapter 2 Lesson 1
• pp. 34-39

3
Learning Health Skills

• Health skills help you manage your health.
• Health Skills specific tools and strategies to
  maintain, protect, and improve all aspects of
  your heath.

4
Communication Skills

• Good communication is a vital health skill.
  Communication is also more than just talking.
• 3 Health Skills
• Interpersonal Communication
• Refusal Skills
• Conflict Resolution

5
Interpersonal Communication

• Interpersonal Communication the exchange of
  thoughts, feelings, and beliefs between two or
  more people.
• You can strengthen your interpersonal
  communication skills by
• Use I messages to express your feelings.
• Communicate with respect and caring.
• Be an active listener.
• Read p. 35 as a class!

6
Refusal Skills

• Refusal Skills communication strategies that
  can help you say no when you are urged to take
  part in behaviors that are unsafe or unhealthful,
  or that go against your values.
• Developing strong refusal skills helps you say no
  firmly, respectfully, and effectively.

7
Conflict-Resolution Skills

• Conflict-Resolution Skills the process of
  ending a conflict through cooperation and problem
  solving.
• Help resolve problems in ways that are agreeable
  to everyone.
• Read p. 36 as a class!

8
Accessing Information

• Use reliable sources of health information.
• Valid Sources Include
• Health care providers and professionals.
• Valid internet sites, such as those of government
  agencies and professional health organizations.
• Parents, guardians, and other trusted adults.
• Recently published material written by respected,
  well-known science and health professionals.

9
Analyzing Influences

• Understanding what influences you helps you to
  make more healthful choices.
• Look at Figure 2.3 on p. 37 as a class.

10
Self-Management Skills

• Practicing healthy habits will protect your
  health.
• 2 Self-Management Skills
• Practicing Healthful Behaviors
• Managing Stress
• Stress the reaction of the body and mind to
  everyday challenges and demands.
• Stress Management Skills skills that help you
  reduce and manage stress in your life.

11
Advocacy

• Advocacy lets you share your health knowledge.
• Advocacy taking action to influence others to
  address a health related concern or to support a
  health-related belief.

12
Making Responsible Decisions and Setting Goals

• Chapter 2 Lesson 2
• pp. 40-45

13
Decisions, Goals, and Your Health

• Achieving good health begins with making
  responsible decisions.
• Making decisions and setting goals means youre
  taking responsibility in determining your lifes
  purpose and direction. p. 40

14
Decision Making

• Decision-making skills help you make successful,
  responsible choices.
• Life is filled with decisions. You make plenty
  of them every day. What are some decisions you
  have had to make today?

15
Your Values

• Values the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about
  what is important that help guide the way you
  live.
• Example You may value a strong and healthy
  body. The decisions you make about how to take
  care of your body will reflect this value.

16
The Decision-Making Process

• Decision-Making Skills steps that enable you to
  make a healthful decision.
• Help Strategy
• H (Healthful)
• E (Ethical) Read p. 41
• L (Legal)
• P (Parent Approval)

17
Figure 2.7 p. 42

• Step 1 State the Situation.
• Stet 2 List the Options.
• Step 3 Weigh the Possible Outcomes.
• Step 4 Consider Values.
• Step 5 Make a Decision and Act on it.
• Step 6 Evaluate the Decision
• Look at the chart as a class.

18
Goal Setting

• Working toward goals helps you achieve your hopes
  and dreams.
• Goals those things you aim for that take
  planning and work.

19
Types of Goals

• Short-Term Goal a goal that you can reach in a
  short period of time.
• Example Finishing a term paper by Friday.
• Long-Term Goal a goal that you plan to reach
  over an extended period of time.
• Example To become a firefighter.
• Sometimes short term goals become stepping
  stones for long term goals. -Read p. 43 as a
  class.

20
Reaching Your Goals

• Action Plan a multistep strategy to identify
  and achieve your goals.
• Look at Figure 2.10 as a class on p. 44 and
  discuss it.

21
Being a Health-Literate Consumer

• Chapter 2 Lesson 3
• pp. 46-49

22
Making Informed Choices

• You can learn to make good consumer choices.
• Health Consumer someone who purchases or uses
  health products or services.
• Advertising a written or spoken media message
  designed to interest consumers in purchasing a
  product or service.
• Although advertising can provide useful
  information, its primary purpose is to get you to
  buy the product.

23
Evaluating Products

• 2 Effective Ways to Sharpen Your Consumer Skills
• Read Product Labels
• Do Some Comparison Shopping Before You Buy
• Comparison Shopping judging the benefits of
  different products by comparing several factors,
  such as quality, features, and cost.
• Look at Figure 2.11 Hidden Messages in
  Advertising on p. 47.

24
Comparison Shopping

• Cost and Quality
• Features
• Warranty
• Safety
• Recommendations
• Read p0. 47-48 as a class.

25
Warranty

• Warranty a companys or a stores written
  agreement to repair a product or refund your
  money if the product doesnt function properly.

26
Evaluating Information And Services

1. Does this information come from a valid source?
   Does the service come from a respected provider?
2. If the source is a Web site, who pays for the
   site? Is it a reputable organization? What is the
   purpose of the site?

27
Managing Consumer Problems

• Chapter 2 Lesson 4
• pp. 50-53

28
Malpractice

• Malpractice failure by a health professional to
  meet accepted standards.

29
Resolving Consumer Problems

• Take action to correct consumer problems.
• Read pp. 50-51
• Consumer Advocates people or groups whose sole
  purpose is to take on regional, national, and
  even international consumer issues.

30
Health Fraud

• Protect yourself from health fraud.
• Health Fraud the sale of worthless products or
  services that claim to prevent disease or cure
  other health problems (quackery).

31
Health Fraud

• Look out for claims like these
• Secret Formula
• Miracle Cure
• Overnight Results
• All Natural
• Hurry, this offer expires soon

32
Health Fraud

• To protect yourself from health fraud you can do
  the following
• Check out the products or services claim with a
  doctor or other health professional.
• Talk to family and friends to get their opinion.
• Check with the Better Business Bureau to see if
  there have been complaints about the product or
  service.
• Check with a professional health organization
  about the claim. The American Heart Association,
  for example, will be familiar with health frauds
  related to heart disease treatment.

33
Myths Reality

• Myth Because of government regulations, all
  advertising must be accurate.
• Fact Advertisements often use phrases, such as
  worlds best, that cannot be proven right or
  wrong. Advertisements also use statistics that
  may be misleading. For example, an advertisement
  that includes the phrase 2 out of 3 doctors
  surveyed does not give you enough information to
  determine if this is a valid, scientific result.

34
Prenatal Development and Care

• Chapter 17 Lesson 1
• pp. 470-477

35
The Very Beginning

• A single cell, formed from one egg, and one
  sperm, can grow into a complex human being.
• Fertilization the union of a male sperm cell
  and a female egg cell.
• Implantation the process by which the zygote
  attaches to the uterine wall.
• Embryo a cluster of cells that develops between
  the third and eighth week of pregnancy.
• Fetus group of developing cells forms this (a
  human).

36
Embryo

• Two important structures form outside the embryo
• Amniotic Sac a thin, fluid-filled membrane that
  surrounds and protects the developing embryo.
• Umbilical Cord a rope like structure that
  connects the fetus with the mothers placenta.

37
Stages of Embryonic and Fetal Development

• Look at Figure 17.2 on p. 472 as a class.
• Multiple Births In most cases fertilization
  results in one embryo. Twins, triplets, and
  quadruplets, knows as multiple births, can result
  when multiple embryos are formed.

38
A Healthy Pregnancy

• A pregnant female can maintain the health of her
  fetus in many different ways.
• Prenatal Care the steps that a pregnant female
  can take to provide for her own health and the
  health of the baby.

39
What to Eat While Pregnant

• Calcium
• Protein
• Iron
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin B Complex
• Folic Acid
• Most pregnant females need to consume only an
  additional 300 calories per day to achieve a
  healthy weight gain during pregnancy.

40
A Healthy Fetus

• Expectant mothers should avoid tobacco, alcohol,
  drugs, and environmental hazards.
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome a group of
  alcohol-related birth defects that includes both
  physical and mental problems.

41
Complications of Pregnancy

• A pregnancy may have an unexpected outcome.
• Premature Birth
• Stillbirth
• Miscarriage

42
Childbirth

• The birth of a baby takes place in three steps
  labor, delivery, and afterbirth.
• Step 1 Labor
• Step 2 Delivery
• Step 3 Afterbirth
• Read p. 477 as a class.

43
Heredity and Genetics

• Chapter 17 Lesson 2
• pp. 478-483

44
Heredity

• Heredity is the passing of physical traits from
  parents to their children.
• Chromosomes thread-like structures found within
  the nucleus of a cell that carry the codes for
  inherited traits.
• We have 46 chromosomes that are arranged in 23
  pairs.
• Genes the basic units of heredity.

45
DNA

• DNA the chemical unit that makes up
  chromosomes.
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• All living things are made up of DNA
• When a child is born they carry a combination of
  DNA sequencing from both parents.

46
Genetics and Fetal Development

• Chromosomes from a sperm and an egg unite to
  carry the hereditary traits from parents.
• Read p. 479-480 as a class!
• X Chromosome female
• Y Chromosome male
• The sperm determines the sex of the bay being
  born.

47
Genetic Disorders

• Genetic disorders are caused by defects in genes.
• Genetic Disorders disorders caused partly or
  completely by a defect in genes.
• Look at p. 481 Common Human Genetic Disorders
  Figure 17.10

48
Testing For Genetic Disorders

• Amniocentesis a procedure in which a syringe is
  inserted through a pregnant females abdominal
  wall to remove a sample of the amniotic fluid
  surrounding the developing fetus.
• Performed 16-20 weeks after fertilization.
• Chorionic Villi Sampling a procedure in which a
  small piece of membrane is removed from the
  chorion, a layer of tissue that develops into the
  placenta.

49
Battling Genetic Diseases

• Research is ongoing to correct genetic disorders.
• Gene Therapy the process of inserting normal
  genes into human cells to correct genetic
  disorders.

50
Birth Through Childhood

• Chapter 17 Lesson 3
• pp. 484-487

51
Childhood

• Each child passes through four stages of
  development during infancy and childhood.
• Development Tasks events that need to happen in
  order for a person to continue growing toward
  becoming a health, mature adult.

52
Stage 1 - Infancy

• Infancy time of fastest growth in a persons
  life.
• Learn how to eat solid foods.
• Learn how to sit up.
• Learn how to crawl.
• Learn how to trust others.

53
Stage 2 Early Childhood

• Early Childhood children begin to feel proud of
  their accomplishments and are eager to try new
  tasks.
• Learn how to play as part of a group.
• Autonomy the confidence that a person can
  control his or her own body, impulses, and
  environment.

54
Stage 3 Middle Childhood

• Middle Childhood children learn to initiate
  play rather than following the lead of others.
• Must be taught to recognize emotions and practice
  expressing them in appropriate ways during this
  stage.

55
Stage 4 Late Childhood

• Late Childhood school becomes an important part
  of a childs life during late childhood.
• Children learn to get along with their peers,
  learn about different roles in society, and
  develop a conscience at this stage.

56
Childhood Health Screenings

• Many screening tests are performed in childhood
  to monitor the health and growth of a child.
• Vision nearly every 1 in 4 school-aged children
  in the United States has a vision problem.
• Hearing two or 3 in every 1,000 children in the
  United States are born with a hearing impairment
  severe enough to affect their language
  development.

57
Scoliosis

• Scoliosis an abnormal lateral, or side-to-side,
  curvature of the spine.
• More common in girls.

58
Other Screenings

• Children are tested for lead poisoning yearly
  until age four. Blood pressure screenings begin
  after age three. Children with a family history
  of cholesterol problems or anemia may also be
  screened for these conditions.
• p. 487

59
Homework

• No homework today.
• Start to study for Test 5 on Monday!

60
Changes During Adolescence

• Chapter 18 Lesson 1
• pp. 496-501

61
Puberty A Time of Changes

• Adolescents begin moving toward adulthood during
  puberty.
• Adolescence the period between childhood and
  adulthood.
• Physical growth is one of the most noticeable
  changes during this period.
• Puberty the time when a person begins to
  develop certain traits of adults of his or her
  gender.
• Usually beings sometime between the ages of 12
  and 18.

62
Physical Changes

• Read p. 497 as a class.

63
Mental and Emotional Changes

• Cognition the ability to reason and think out
  abstract solutions.
• During adolescence you will learn to
• Anticipate the consequences of a particular
  action.
• Think Logically.
• Understand different points of view.

64
Social Changes

• Friends become a major part of a teens social
  experience.
• Read p. 499 as a class.

65
Accomplishments in Adolescence

• Adolescents will develop independence, find their
  identity, and establish their personal values.
• Emotional and psychological independence.
• Personal Value System
• Vocational Goals
• Control Over Behaviors

66
Adulthood, Marriage, and Parenthood

• Chapter 18 Lesson 2
• pp. 502-507

67
Maturing Physically and Emotionally

• Adulthood is reached when both physical maturity
  and emotional maturity are achieved.
• Physical Maturity the state at which the
  physical body and all of its organs are fully
  developed.
• Emotional Maturity the state at which the
  mental and emotional capabilities of an
  individual are fully developed.

68
Stages of Adulthood

• Three major stages make up the adult years.
• Young Adulthood
• Middle Adulthood
• Late Adulthood
• Read p. 503 as a class.

69
Marriage

• Marriage is a commitment to share your life with
  another person.
• Commitment a promise or a pledge.
• Successful Marriages Require
• Communication
• Emotional Maturity
• Values and Interests

70
Resolving Conflict in Marriage

• Issues that can cause problems
• Differences in spending and saving habits.
• Conflicting loyalties involving family and
  friends.
• Lack of communication.
• Lack of intimacy.
• Jealousy, infidelity, or lack of attention.
• Decisions about having children and arranging
  child care.
• Abusive tendencies or attitudes.

71
Parenthood

• Parenting demands many added responsibilities.
• Adoption the legal process of taking a child of
  other parents as ones own.

72
Parent Responsibilities

• Provide Guidance
• Instill Values
• Set Limits
• Give Unconditional Love
• Unconditional Love love without limitations or
  quantifications.

73
Teen Parenting

• Becoming a parent is challenging and difficult at
  any stage of life. This is particularly true
  when the parents are teenagers.
• Consequences of teen parenting may include
• Financial difficulties
• Restrictions on educational career or plans
• Emotional stress
• Limitations on social and personal life

74
Health Through the Life Cycle

• Chapter 18 Lesson 3
• pp. 508-511

75
Middle Adulthood

• Many changes occur during middle adulthood.
• Stage of development that spans from age 40 to
  age 65.
• Transitions critical changes that occur at all
  stages of life.

76
Health Concerns

• Eyesight
• Hearing
• Muscles and Joints
• Bones Read p. 509 as a class!
• Teeth and Gums
• Heart Disease
• Cancer

77
Physical Mental Transitions

• It is important to make sure you exercise and eat
  healthy food.
• It is also important to work on activities that
  strengthen your brain such as solving puzzles,
  reading, and playing strategy games.

78
Emotional SocialTransitions

• Most social and emotional transitions during
  middle adulthood often have to do with family.
  Often people are faced with the death of a parent
  or need to adjust to the children growing up and
  leaving the home.
• Empty Nest Syndrome the feelings of sadness or
  loneliness that accompany seeing children leave
  home and enter adulthood.

79
Late Adulthood

• People in late adulthood may reflect on their
  lives and accomplishments.
• Integrity a firm adherence to a moral code.

80
Public Health Policies and Programs

• Social Security
• Medicaid
• Because better health care is available today,
  people can expect to live longer after retirement.