ASPECTS OF LIGHT TRANSMISSION AND DEPTH OF CURE

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Aspects of Light Transmission and Depth of Cure
of Novel Bioactive Glass-Filled Resin Composites

• M. Dian1,2, J. K. H. Tsoi2, J.P. Matinlinna2
• Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic
  University, Semarang, Indonesia
• Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry,
  The University of Hong Kong

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Introduction
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Resin Composites at a Glance

• Resin composite was first introduced by R. L.
  Bowen in 1962

• Three mains components of resin composite
  including
• Resin matrix which comprising a monomer system,
  initiator, and inhibitor and stabilizer
• Inorganic fillers, and
• Coupling agent, usually an organo-silane, which
  bond reinforcing filler to resin matrix chemically

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Resin Composites at a Glance

• Resin composite was first introduced by R. L.
  Bowen in 1962
• Three mains components of resin composite
  including
• Resin matrix which comprising a monomer system,
  initiator, and inhibitor and stabilizer
• Inorganic fillers, and
• Coupling agent, usually an organo-silane, which
  bond reinforcing filler to resin matrix
  chemically

• Advances in resin composite
• Increased demands of better restoration led to
  great development of resin composites
• Patients and clinician need restoration with
  great esthetic and great physical properties
• Different components deliver different properties
  
• Many articles showed great development of resin
  composites

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Resin Composites at a Glance

• Future Development of resin composite
• Implementation of nano technology
• Antimicrobial materials
• Stimuli responsive materials
• Self-repairing materials
• Bioactive materials

• Advances in resin composite
• Increased demands of better restoration led to
  great development of resin composites
• Patients and clinician need restoration with
  great esthetic and great physical properties
• Different components deliver different properties
  
• Many articles showed great development of resin
  composites

(this study focused here)
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Bioactive Glasses at a Glance

• Originally developed by Prof Larry Hench in late
  1960s
• It was aimed for bone implant material without
  any rejection responses from body
• First successful in vivo trial was bioactive
  glass 45S5, later termed as Bioglass
• The composition was 45 SiO2-24.5 Na2O-24.5
  CaO-6

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Bioactive Glasses at a Glance

• Bioactive glass applications in dentistry
• Substitutes in reconstructive surgery of voids
  and defect in facial bones
• Regeneration of periodontal bone support
• Graft material to prevent excessive bone loss
  after tooth extraction
• Coating enhancing osteointegration for titanium
  implants
• Treating tooth hypersensitivity
• Bioactive glass-filled resin composites

• Originally developed by Prof Larry Hench in late
  1960s
• It was aimed for bone implant material without
  any rejection responses from body
• First successful in vivo trial was bioactive
  glass 45S5, later termed as Bioglass
• The composition was 45 SiO2-24.5 Na2O-24.5
  CaO-6

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Aims of Study
Investigating physical properties of novel
bioactive glass filled resin composites

• Light penetration
• Surface hardness
• Depth of cure

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Materials
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Resin Matrix Composition
Component Manufacturer wt
UEDMA Esstech Inc, Essington, PA, USA 70.6
HPMA Esstech Inc, Essington, PA, USA 27.4
CQ Accu-Chem Industries Inc. Melrose Park, IL, USA 1.0
CEMA Accu-Chem Industries Inc. Melrose Park, IL, USA 1.0
(Zhang, Matinlinna et al. 2014)
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Filler Composition Comparison
Group Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol
Group Na2O K2O MgO CaO SrO P2O5 SiO2 B2O3
SR-5 22.66 16.77 5 1.72 53.85
1-06 5.88 7.86 8.12 24.87 1.74 51.36 0.77
Vitryxx 24.5 24.5 6.0 45
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Resin Preparation

• Resin composites contain 30wt matrix and 70wt
  filler
• Mixed using magnetic stirrer (IKA Combimag RET)
  for 30 mins
• Stabilized for 2 days
• 3M Filtek Z250XT used as control group

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Methods
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Light Penetration Test

• Resin composite put inside 1mm thickness mould
  covered with glass cover on both side
• Cured using LED curing unit
• A dental visible lightmeter (Pujing, China) were
  used to measure the light intensity pass through
  the resin composites (n6)
• Light penetration observed at initial curing
  process, and after 5, 10, 15 and 20 seconds

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Depth of Cure

• Specimens are made with 10mm diameters and 2mm
  depth mould, cured for 20 s at two different
  spots (n3)
• Vickers Hardness indentations (200g weight load
  and 15s loading time) were done on curing side
  (CS) and bottom side (BS), 5 spots per surface
• Depth of cure calculated by ratio of BS/CS (ISO
  4049)

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Statistical Analysis

• One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc statistical
  tests
• a was set to 0.05

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Results
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Light Penetration Test
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Light Penetration Test
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Light Penetration Test
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Light Penetration Test

• All experimental resin composites have
  demonstrated an increasing trend of LT from
  initial to 20s.
• In particular at 20s, one-way ANOVA revealed the
  average LT in all the groups are statistically
  significant different (p2.87x10-11), with SR-5
  (403 mW/cm2) gt 1-06 (365 mW/cm2) gt Vitryxx (312
  mW/cm2) gt control group (215 mW/cm2)

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SEM Images
SR-5
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SEM Images
SR-5
1-06
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SEM Images
Vitryxx
1-06
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SEM Images
Vitryxx
Control
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Depth of Cure
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Depth of Cure
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Depth of Cure
Despite the VHR measurement revealed experimental
resin composites groups have higher DC (1-06,
SR-5 and Vitryxx were approx. 91, 85 and 83)
than control group (79), they are not
statistically significantly different (p0.11).
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Microhardness Comparison
SR-5_CS
SR-5_BS
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Microhardness Comparison
SR-5_CS
1-06_CS
SR-5_BS
1-06_BS
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Microhardness Comparison
1-06_CS
1-06_BS
Vitryxx_CS
Vitryxx_BS
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Microhardness Comparison
Vitryxx_CS
Vitryxx_BS
Control_CS
Control_BS
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Conclusion
The experimental BAG-filled resin composites
used in this study have good optical properties.
They might have promising future after
investigating some other mechanical and
biological properties. The type of glass
fillers influences the light penetration and
depth of cure resin composites.
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Acknowledgements

• The authors would like to thank Professor Leena
  Hupa (Åbo Akademi University, Finland) for
  allowing us to use her experimental bioactive
  glass and providing information about them.
• The authors also would like to thank Esstech
  Inc., Essington, PA, USA for providing UEDMA and
  TEGDMA used in the experiment.
• This work was accomplished as partial fulfillment
  of the degree of MSc(DMS) for Mr Muhammad Dian at
  the Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong
  Kong

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Reference
Zhang, M., Matinlinna. J.P., Botelho, M.,
Säilynoja, E., Comprehensive properties of a
novel fiber reinforced composite with a
UEDMA-based resin matrix. Odontology, 2014.
102(2) p. 176-183
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Thank you
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