Alternative Fuels

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Alternative Fuels

• Author Faisal Ahamed.U
• Gugan.E
• e-mail ID faisalahamed.u_at_gmail.com
• crazygugan_at_gmail.com
• Contact 8122113329
• 9790069999
• M.Kumarasamy College Of Engineering
• (Autonomous)

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Alternative Energy Sources

• Solar
• Wind
• Hydropower
• Tidal Power
• Biomass
• Geothermal

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Solar Power
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Types of Solar Power

• Active

• Passive

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Active Solar Power

• Energy from sun is stored in a thermal mass
• When needed, heat from thermal mass is then
  pumped throughout structure

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Large-scale Solar Electric Site
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Passive Solar Power

• Works on the principle that hot air rises and
  cool air sinks (convection)
• Solar heats air and it moves through convection
  through the structure or to thermal mass

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Solar Power

• Benefits
• Abundant
• No greenhouse gases, few other pollutants
• Simple, minimal repair needed
• Cheap over the long term

• Detriments
• Retrofitting needed if structure is not already
  designed as passive solar
• Has limitations, night, some locations better
  such as south rather than north facing slopes
• Initial capital outlay can be high

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All areas have viable amounts of solar energy
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Some solar power history

• Solar power furnace was used by Lavoisier to
  discover elements, particularly nitrogen
• Solar power water distillation used by French
  Foreign Legion and still used today!

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Wind Power
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Wind power

• Can be used for mechanical tasks, e.g. pumping
  water
• Can be used for generation of electricity for
  direct use or storage in batteries

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Mechanical Power Windmills

• High torque, low-speed to pump water, grind
  grain, saw wood

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Electrical Power Windmills

• High speed, low torque machines
• Will turn themselves off if wind speed exceeds
  their limits

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Effects of wind power
Positive Negative

• No greenhouse gases
• Few other pollutants
• Cheap
• Abundant
• Simple

• Some noise pollution
• Metal blades interfere with TV radio reception
• Aesthetic pollution
• No evidence for bird death, but can kill bats

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Where is wind power available?
Wind power not highly suited to these areas
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Hydropower
Electric
Mechanical
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How hydropower works
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Negative effects of Hydropower

• Flooding the land
• Displacement of local inhabitants
• Local climatic changes
• Tectonic activities (Earthquakes)
• Loss of species (aquatic terrestrial)
• Loss of normal nutrient flow down river
• Changes temperature of water, too

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Positive Effects of Hydropower

• Can generate electricity
• Can do mechanical work, e.g. grind grain
• No greenhouse gases
• Initial construction provides jobs

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Tidal Power
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Tidal Power
Tidal dam

• Essentially entails placing a dam across an ocean
  inlet and harnessing the energy as water moves in
  and out with the tides
• Positive negative effects are same as hydropower

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Biomass Energy
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Biomass Pros Cons

• Burning biomass gets rid of solid waste
• Creates energy
• Creates new markets for crops

• Burning biomass releases CO2 and other gases
  associated with combustion
• Creates solid waste from ash
• May cause more grasslands to be planted to corn

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Geothermal Energy
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How does it work?

• Drill to deep, hot rock
• Either wet system where heated water belowground
  is used
• Dry system sends aboveground water belowground to
  get heated
• Resulting steam can be used for a number of
  purposes

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Alternative Fuels

• LPG
• Bio Fuel
• Bio Diesel
• Bioethanol
• Hydrogen
• Algae Fuels
• CNG Fuels
• Radio Thermal Generators

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LPG

• Blend of propane and butane
• Choice for many car drivers
• Available at limited stations
• 15 Petrol 80 Nitrous Oxide
• Less wear
• Low noise level

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Bio Fuels

• From Micro organisms
• Derived from Bio Mass
• Both renewable and non renewable sources
• Pollution free fuels
• As alternative but not

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Bio Diesel

• Animal, fat or vegetable oil
• Health effect testing requirements
• Any engine without modifications
• Asthma 47

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Bio Ethanol

• Converting sugar to alcohol
• Fermentation of Sugar
• Lifecycle in Carbon Neutral
• Replacement of gasoline

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Hydrogen

• Non emission fuel
• Combustion enables fuel
• But More Energy

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Algae Fuels

• Alternative to fossil fuel
• Algae Natural Deposit
• Less impact on fresh water
• High cost

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CNG Fuels

• From underground natural gas
• Both renewable and non renewable
• Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing
• Power more than 5 million vehicles
• Carbon reductions of about 88

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Radio Thermal Generators

• Radio isotopes (Land and Space)
• Produce enormous amount of heat
• Decay of radioisotopes

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BUCKY PAPER

• Material 10 times lighter than steel - but 250
  times stronger.
• Sheet made of carbon nanotubes.
• Two types

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Properties

• Heat and Thermal Conductivity.
• Wireless Data Transfer
• Lightning Arresters
• Electromagnetic Shielding
• Super Conductors
• Semi Conductors
• Can be fold
• Personal Protection and flat display

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Future Scope

• Build Automobiles
• Armourplating
• Electromagnetic shielding
• Super Capacitor
• Replacing Copper
• Replacing Graphite
• Electrodes

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Applications

• Electromagnetic interference shielding
• Radiation shielding
• Lightning strike protection
• Heat sinks
• Thermal management
• Electrodes for fuel cells, super capacitors and
  batteries
• Ultra-high strength structures
• Personal protection body armor, helmets, armored
  vehicles
• Medical devices
• Flat panel displays
• Bucky-papers have also been considered for a
  number of other applications related to
  filtration and water purification

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Drawbacks

• 1)  In may not be good for the environment.
• 2)  The increased glow may increase global
  warming.
• 3) expensive
• 4) making it is very time consuming it take a
  few days to make a single role of a few meters
  buckypaper.

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Cost Descriptions
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Bucky Paper Fuel Cell
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