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Understanding Job Skills JobsDhamaka Indias
No.1 Jobs Portal
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Goal of Presentation

• Introduce Job Skills methodology and data
• Data Source
• What are Job Skills?
• Job Skills Uses
• Determining Career Ladders/Pathways
• Skill Gaps and Employment Projections
• CWIA, Center for Workforce Information
  Analysis, (bureau within LI) produces workforce
  and economic statistics and analysis. CWIAs key
  roles
• Provide labor market information (LMI) products
  services to wide range of customers
• Produce reports on Pennsylvanias labor force
  (employment unemployment), employers,
  industries, occupations, and wages

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Data Source
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ONet

• ONET The Occupational Information Network
• The nation's primary source of occupational
  information
• A free online database that contains hundreds of
  occupational definitions to help students, job
  seekers, businesses and workforce development
  professionals to understand today's world of work
  
• Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor and
  ETA
• Compiled by occupational analysts and experts
  and by surveying a broad range of workers from
  each occupation
• Two main branches of information Worker
  Attributes (Person) and Occupational Requirements
  (Job)
• Describes occupations in terms of the skills and
  knowledge required, how the work is performed,
  and typical work settings.

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ONet

• For each job, ONET provides the following
  information
• Worker Attributes
• Personal requirements the skills and knowledge
  required to perform the work
• Personal characteristics the abilities,
  interests and values needed to perform the work
• Experience requirements the training and level
  of licensing and experience needed for the work
• Occupational Requirements
• Job requirements the work activities and
  context, including the physical, social, and
  organizational factors involved in the work
• Labor market the occupational outlook and the
  pay scale for the work
• Job specific information occupation specific
  tasks and tools and technologies

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What are Job Skills?
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What aWhat are job skills? Job Skills?

• Job Skills go beneath occupational titles to list
  the specific knowledge, work activities, and
  tools technologies typically required for an
  occupation and can aid in training, career
  planning, and career transitions. It is a hybrid
  of the ONET Worker Attribute/Occupational
  Requirement content model.
• The fundamental principle of Job Skills is
  primarily occupation specific skills that can be
  trained for in the short to moderate term rather
  than focusing on worker attributes (KSAs) that
  are obtained during the long term (K-12
  education) or are characteristics that are mostly
  inherent to an individual.
• Example KSAs for Accountants
• Knowledge Organized principles such as
  Economics and Accounting, Mathematics, English
  Language
• Skills Developed capacities such as Active
  Listening, Reading Comprehension, Time Management
  
• Abilities - Enduring attributes such as Number
  Facility, Inductive Reasoning, Near Vision

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Job Skills

• Job Skills
• Tangible and attainable skills that can be
  trained for utilizing local community colleges
  or technical schools
• A Knowledge Area is a key educational or
  experience requirement for an occupation (e.g.
  Computers and Electronics)
• General Work Activities are types of job
  behaviors that occur across multiple occupations
  (e.g. interacting with computers)
• Detailed Work Activities are types of specific
  job behaviors or duties particular to an
  occupation (e.g. use computers to enter, access
  or retrieve data)
• Tools Technologies are machines, equipment,
  tools, and information technologies that one
  could be expected to use in a particular
  occupation (e.g. Microsoft Access)
• Most of the following analysis can be done using
  Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (KSAs) - just a
  choice between either the Worker (KSAs) or
  Occupation perspective (Job Skills)

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Job Skills Example - Accounts

• Have 11 knowledge categories
• Examples
• Mathematics
• Economics and accounting
• Have 39 detailed work activities (DWAs)
• Examples
• advise clients on financial matters
• develop budgets
• prepare tax returns
• use statistical cost estimation methods
• Have 152 tools and technologies (TTs)
• Examples
• Accounting software
• Data base user interface and query software
• Financial analysis software
• Tax preparation software

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Job Skills Uses
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Most Needed Jobs Skills

• Find common skills (Knowledge Areas) across all
  occupations

English Language 70 Administration and Management 51
Customer and Personal Service 69 Computers and Electronics 47
Mathematics 61 Education and Training 45

• Find common skills (DWAs) across an occupational
  groups Healthcare
• Professionals

communicate technical information 93 make presentations medical issues 76
use knowledge of medical terminology 88 use interpersonal communication techniques 73
use sanitation practices in health care settings 78 analyze medical data 66

• Find common skills (TTs) across an industry
  Manufacturing

Hammers 37 Power drills 32
Project management software 37 Power saws 31
Screwdrivers 34 Computer aided design CAD software 29
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Find Related Occupations

• Many essential job skills are transferable to
  what are called related occupations, which means
  that these skills may be applied to a variety of
  different jobs
• For example, an Statistician was found to share
  82.5 percent of the work activities with an
  Economist, which results in a determination of
  the relatedness of one occupation to another.
• Statistician Example

Educational Psychologists 85.0 Geographers 77.5
Industrial-Organizational Psychologists 85.0 Political Scientists 77.5
Sociologists 85.0 Operations Research Analysts 75.0
Economists 82.5 Computer and Information Scientists, Research 72.5
Market Research Analysts 82.5 Epidemiologists 72.5
Survey Researchers 82.5 Physicists 72.5
Urban and Regional Planners 80.0 Anthropologists 72.5
Mathematicians 77.5 Biophysicists 70.0
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Determining Career Pathways

• Career Ladder or Pathway - a list of occupations,
  sharing many of the same job skills (detailed
  work activities and/or tools technologies) with
  the occupation of interest, that are at the next
  level of development for the occupations career
  path, as ranked by education or wage. Applicable
  at all geographic regions.
• Developed an algorithm to match each occupations
  job skills to every other occupations
  (individually) job skills to determine the degree
  to which they share these attributes.
• The resulting Percent Match score quantifies
  the degree of match (relatedness) between the job
  skills of occupations. This score can be used to
  evaluate the relationship of one occupation to
  another. For example, an Accountant was found to
  share 59 percent of the job skills with an
  Auditor, but only 29 percent with an Actuary so
  the work of an Accountant is more closely related
  to the work of an Auditor than an Actuary.
• Occupations that have a percent match score of
  at least 50 (arbitrary and can be changed) are
  then ranked by either education or wage to
  determine a potential career ladder.
• Use to justify addition of non-HPO occupations in
  a ladder leading to an HPO.

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Career Pathway by Education
Occupation Education Pct. Match
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Moderate-term on-the-job training 61.9
Construction and Building Inspectors Work experience in a related occupation 57.1
Industrial Production Managers Work experience in a related occupation 57.1
Medical Records and Health Information Tech. Associate degree 52.4
Accountants Bachelor's degree 100.0
Auditors Bachelor's degree 59.0
Market Research Analysts Bachelor's degree 57.1
Budget Analysts Bachelor's degree 52.4
Construction Managers Bachelor's degree 52.4
Personal Financial Advisors Bachelor's degree 52.4
Financial Managers, Branch or Department Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 57.1
Advertising and Promotions Managers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4
Engineering Managers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4
Marketing Managers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4
Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4
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Career Pathway by Wage
Occupation Average Annual Wage Pct. Match
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 36,640 61.9
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 36,770 52.4
Construction and Building Inspectors 55,230 57.1
Accountants 71,040 100.0
Auditors 71,040 59.0
Budget Analysts 72,100 52.4
Personal Financial Advisors 90,820 52.4
Construction Managers 90,960 52.4
Industrial Production Managers 97,490 57.1
Advertising and Promotions Managers 107,060 52.4
Financial Managers, Branch or Department 123,260 57.1
Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers 123,260 52.4
Marketing Managers 129,870 52.4
Engineering Managers 133,240 52.4
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Skill Gaps

• Determine Skill Gaps from Occupation to
  Occupation
• To move from an Accountant to an Auditor requires
  no additional knowledge or tools and technologies
  skills, but requires training on 4 additional
  detailed work activities (DWAs)
• To move from an Accountant to a Financial Manager
  requires additional training on 2 knowledge
  topics (psychology, communications and media), 16
  DWAs, and 40 tools and technologies
• Determine Skill Gaps from Employment Projections
  
• Look at total, growth, or replacement occupations
  and determine most needed skills across select
  occupations, occupational groups, or industries
• Determine Skill Gaps from One Stop job postings
  versus registrants, Employer Vacancy and Skills
  surveys, and online jobs postings

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Top Projected Skills Long Term
For Detailed Work Activities (required in at
least 25 occupations)
By Occupations Requiring By Projected Employment By Greatest Rank Increase By Greatest Rank Decrease
use hand or power tools use oral or written communication techniques calculate monetary exchange operate graphic reproduction equipment
use oral or written communication techniques maintain records, reports, or files greet customers, guests, visitors, or passengers determine film exposure settings
direct and coordinate activities of workers or staff use computers to enter, access or retrieve data use cash registers use color analyzer
use computers to enter, access or retrieve data provide customer service wrap products hand carve objects from stone or other materials
understand technical operating, service or repair manuals clean rooms or work areas take messages operate video recorders
maintain records, reports, or files direct and coordinate activities of workers or staff maintain dental or medical records operate sandblasting equipment
read technical drawings obtain information from individuals maintain inventory of office forms cast metal objects
read work order, instructions, formulas, or processing charts answer customer or public inquiries use inventory control procedures develop film or other photographic medium
prepare reports prepare reports sell merchandise process photographic prints
communicate technical information measure, weigh, or count products or materials maintain or repair cargo or passenger vehicle assess staff or applicant skill levels
Increasing Skills Gap
Status Quo
No Gap
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Growth vs. Replacements Long Term
Key Differences between Top 25 Detailed Work
Activities
By Growth By Replacements
administer medications or treatments use cash registers
take vital signs calculate monetary exchange
maintain dental or medical records resolve customer or public complaints
observe patient condition greet customers, guests, visitors, or passengers
use knowledge of investigation techniques assign work to staff or employees
work with persons with mental disabilities or illnesses collect payment
read technical drawings requisition stock, materials, supplies or equipment
use spreadsheet software compute financial data
use knowledge of medical terminology operate business machines
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Top Job Posting Skills

• There is a demand for skills based data, which PA
  distributes to customers on a monthly basis,
  sourced from Wanted Analytics

Top Skills wanted from online Job Postings in Pennsylvania Top Skills wanted from online Job Postings in Pennsylvania
Quality Assurance Pediatrics
Java Script SQL
Bilingual Software Development
Forklift Customer Relationship Management
Technical Support Pallet Jacks
Top Certifications wanted from online Job Postings in Pennsylvania Top Certifications wanted from online Job Postings in Pennsylvania
CDL Food safety
RN CPA
CPR Physical Therapist Certification
LPN Tanker and Hazmat Endorsement
CNA Automotive Service Excellence
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CWIA Contact Information
Find out more at JobsDhamaka Customer Response
Line 0120-485-0200 or
Email support_at_jobsdhamaka.com On
the web www.jobsdhamaka.net, see Job Skills
under left hand navigation menu