Surveying Fundamentals and Practices

1
Heavy Equipment Operation Course Introduction -
Equipment Introduction/familiarizationDay 13
2
(No Transcript)
3
Terminal Learning Objective

• Action Use all required PPE
• Conditions Heavy Equipment, Moving Parts, Moving
  Equipment, fellow students
• Standard Wear all PPE properly and according to
  instructions

4
Safety Considerations

• Life, limb, eyesight, or equipment
• Pinches or cuts
• Being hit by moving equipment
• Running people, other equipment or vehicles over
• Hitting Objects, Buildings, Power Poles, etc.

5
Classroom Conduct

• Drinks
• Food
• Drowsiness
• Questions
• Tobacco

6
Agenda

• Using all equipment safely.
• Protecting other equipment, people, buildings
  from damage or injury
• Demonstrate your ability to follow all safety
  rules
• Familiarization with common pieces of heavy
  equipment.

7
Reason

• Heavy Equipment operators have an added
  responsibility for safety
• Injury or death can result from improper use of
  this equipment
• Property damage can easily be caused by improper
  use or carelessness.

8
Chapter 1

• Surveying Fundamentals and Practices

9
CHAPTER OUTLINE

• 1-1 The Art and Science of Surveying
• Basis of Surveying
• Importance of Surveying
• 1-2 The Surveying Method
• Defining Horizontal and Vertical
• Directions
• Measuring Distances and
• Angles An Overview
• Plane and Geodetic Surveying
• 1-3 Surveying Applications
• Property Survey
• Topographic Survey
• Construction Survey
• Control Survey
• Route Survey
• Other Types of Surveys

• 1-4 Historical Background
• 1-5 The Profession of Surveying
• The Licensed Professional
• Land Surveyor
• 1-6 Field Notes
• Field Notebooks
• Rules for Field Notes
• Electronic Data Collectors
• 1-7 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Questions for Review

10
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING

• Simply stated, surveying involves the measurement
  of distances and angles.
• The distances may be horizontal or vertical in
  direction.
• Similarly, the angles may be measured in a
  horizontal or vertical plane.
• Usually distances are measured on a slope, but
  they must eventually be converted to a
  corresponding horizontal distance.
• Vertical distances are also called elevations.
• Horizontal angles are used to express the
  directions of land boundaries and other lines.

11
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING

• There are two fundamental purposes for measuring
  distances and angles.
• The first is to determine the relative positions
  of existing points or objects on or near the
  surface of the earth.
• The second is to lay out or mark the desired
  positions of new points or objects that are to be
  placed or constructed on or near the earths
  surface.

12
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING

• Basis of Surveying
• Surveying is based on the use of precise
  measuring instruments in the field and on
  systematic computational procedures in the
  office.
• The computations (primarily of position,
  direction, area, and volume) involve applications
  of geometry, trigonometry, and basic algebra.

13
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
14
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
15
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
16
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING

• Importance of Surveying
• Surveying plays an essential role in the
  planning, design, layout, and construction of our
  physical environment and infrastructure.
• The term infrastructure is commonly used to
  represent all the constructed facilities and
  systems that allow human communities to function
  and thrive productively.

17
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
18
THE SURVEYING METHOD

• Defining Horizontal and Vertical Directions
• The vertical direction is taken to be the
  direction of gravity.
• By definition, the horizontal direction is the
  direction perpendicular (at an angle of 90) to
  the vertical direction of gravity.

19
THE SURVEYING METHOD
20
THE SURVEYING METHOD
21
THE SURVEYING METHOD

• Measuring Distances and Angles An Overview

22
THE SURVEYING METHOD
23
THE SURVEYING METHOD
24
THE SURVEYING METHOD
25
THE SURVEYING METHOD

• Plane and Geodetic Surveying

26
THE SURVEYING METHOD
27
SURVEYING APPLICATIONS

• Property Survey
• Topographic Survey
• Construction Survey
• Control Survey
• Route Survey
• Other Types of Surveys

28
SURVEYING APPLICATIONS
29
SURVEYING APPLICATIONS
30
SURVEYING APPLICATIONS
31
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• Surveying probably has its origins in ancient
  Egypt, as far back as 5000 years ago.
• It is likely that the subject of geometry (which
  means earth measurements) developed primarily
  because of the need to conduct surveys of the
  land.
• Perhaps the earliest device used to establish a
  level line was a triangular A-frame with a plumb
  line and weight suspended from the apex, called
  the libella

32
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• The magnetic compass was first used as a
  surveying instrument in the thirteenth century to
  establish the directions of boundary lines.
• Since the twentieth century, surveying has
  emerged as a dynamic and modern technical
  discipline.

33
THE PROFESSION OF SURVEYING

• Surveying has long been associated with the
  profession of civil engineering.
• The planning, design, and construction of
  buildings and public-works facilities depend so
  heavily upon surveying activities that civil
  engineers and technicians, architects, and
  construction managers have always had to be
  skilled and knowledgeable in surveying principles
  and methods.

34
THE PROFESSION OF SURVEYING

• The Licensed Professional Land Surveyor

35
FIELD NOTES

• The proper taking of field notes, then, is a very
  important skill for the surveyor, one that cannot
  be overemphasized.
• It may sound like a trivial task to an
  inexperienced surveying technician or student,
  but it generally is one of the more elusive
  skills for the beginner

36
FIELD NOTES

• Field Notebooks
• Rules for Field Notes
• Electronic Data Collectors

37
FIELD NOTES
38
FIELD NOTES
39
FIELD NOTES
40
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

• A geographic information system (GIS) is a
  configuration of computer hardware and software
  capable of storing, manipulating, analyzing, and
  displaying (mapping) a large amount and wide
  variety of geographically referenced data.

41
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
42
Review

• SUMMARY Instructor summarizes all the ELOs
• (May use agenda as guide for summary)

43
Reason

• May be same as opening in past tense
• May be different from opening
• Still answers the same question

44
BREAK

• Formal Break Instructions
• The clock on the classroom wall says 1100, take
  a 10 minute break and be back in your seats at
  1010