SAP

1
INTRODUCTION TO SAP
2
HISTORY OF SAP

• The company behind R/3 is SAP AG , germany
  founded by 4 former IBM employees in 1972
• The companys headquarters is _at_ walldorf
• SAP stands for SYSTEMS ,APPLICATIONS ,PRODUCTS
  FOR DATA PROCESSING
• SAP is the no 1 Enterprise Resource Planning
  Package in the world
• R/3 system is a successful client/server system

3
Advantages of SAP

• All the modules are tightly integrated
• SAP AG provides with services and support
  activities
• Scalability of systems
• 3 tier architecture R/3
• Centralized storage of data
• Latest reports generation for decision making
  process
• Customizable solutions for every industry like
  retail , oil , manufacturing etc.
• Operating System Independent - win, linux , unix
  ,sun solaris
• Data Base independent Oracle , SQL Server ,
  Informix

4
Competitors

• Oracle Apps
• Peoplesoft
• Adrenaline HR
• MS ERP suite
• BAAN
• JD Edwards
• Marshalls of Ramco systems

5
BASIS

• System Administrator
• Installation
• Troubleshooting
• User Profile Maintenance
• Authorization Management
• Transport Management Of Change Requests
• Adding Patches And Upgrading The Versions
• Enhancements

6
ABAP/4 - ADVANCED BUSINESS APPLICATION
PROGRAMMING

• 4 th generation ABAP language
• Programming language only for SAP
• Generating reports
• Customizing the screens
• Data uploads /downloads from Local PC or Remote
  Host
• Communication between two different systems R/3
  to R/3 or R/3 to R/2
• Form designing such as PO, Invoice , Goods
  Receipt etc

7
Functional Modules

• FICO Finance and controlling
• MM Materials Management
• SD Sales and distribution
• HR Human resource
• PM Plant Maintenance
• QM Quality Management
• PS Project Systems
• PP Production planning

8
New Dimension Products

• CRM Customer Relationship Mgmt
• SRM Supplier Relationship Mgmt
• SCM Supply chain management
• APO Advanced Planning and Optimization
• SEM Strategic Enterprise Management
• BIW Business Information Warehousing

9
SAP Industry Solutions

• SAP Aerospace Defense
• SAP Banking
• SAP Chemical
• SAP Service Provider
• SAP Consumer Products
• SAP Engineering Construction
• SAP Pharmaceuticals
• SAP Retail

10
SAP R/3 Three Tier Architecture

• R/3 is considered to be all of the components
  attached to One single Centralized database
• It has 3 server layers

11
The R/3 Basis System
PRESENTATION SERVER
APPLICATION SERVER
DATABASE SERVER
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R/3 In-detail
SAPGUI
Presentation server Layer
SAPGUI
dispatcher
Gate Way TCP/ IP
Application server layer
WP
WP
Application data
Customizing data And Repository
Database Server Layer
Database Oracle
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Presentation Layer

• The presentation layer contains the software
  components that make up the SAPgui (graphical
  user interface)
• Interface between the R/3 System and its users
• R/3 System uses the SAPgui.exe to provide an
  intuitive graphical user interface for entering
  and displaying data
• The presentation layer sends the users input to
  the application server, and receives data for
  display from it.
• While a SAPgui component is running, it remains
  linked to a users terminal session in the R/3
  System.

15
Application Layer

• The application layer consists of one or more
  application servers and a message server
• Each application server contains a set of
  services used to run the R/3 System
• Theoretically, you only need one application
  server to run an R/3 System. In practice, the
  services are distributed across more than one
  application server. This means that not all
  application servers will provide the full range
  of services
• The message server is responsible for
  communication between the application servers. It
  passes requests from one application server to
  another application server within the system.
• It also contains information about application
  server groups and the current load balancing
  within them. It uses this information to choose
  an appropriate server when a user logs onto the
  system.

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Database Layer

• The database layer consists of a central database
  system containing all of the data in the R/3
  System
• The database system has two components - the
  database management system (DBMS), and the
  database itself
• SAP does not manufacture its own database.
  Instead, the R/3 System supports the following
  database systems from other suppliers ADABAS D,
  DB2/400 (on AS/400), DB2/Common Server,
  DB2/MVS,INFORMIX, Microsoft SQL Server, ORACLE,
  and ORACLE Parallel Server.
• The database does not only contain the master
  data and transaction data from your business
  applications, but all data for the entire R/3
  System is stored there.
• For example, the database contains the control
  and Customizing data that determine how your R/3
  System runs. It also contains the program code
  for your applications. Applications consist of
  program code, screen definitions, menus, function
  modules, and various other components. These are
  stored in a special section of the database
  called the R/3 Repository, and are accordingly
  called Repository objects. You work with them in
  the ABAP Workbench.

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Components of Application Layer

• Work Processes
• Dispatcher
• Gateway
• Shared Memory
• Database Connection

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Work Processes

• An application server contains work processes,
  which are components that can run an application
• Each work process is linked to a memory area
  containing the context of the application being
  run. The context contains the current data for
  the application program. This needs to be
  available in each dialog step. Further
  information about the different types of work
  process is contained later on in this
  documentation.

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Dispatcher

• Each application server contains a dispatcher
• The dispatcher is the link between the work
  processes and the users logged onto the
  application server
• Its task is to receive requests for dialog steps
  from the SAPgui and direct them to a free work
  process. In the same way, it directs screen
  output resulting from the dialog step back to the
  appropriate user.

21
Gateway

• Each application server contains a gateway
• It is the interface for the R/3 communication
  protocols (RFC, CPI/C). It can communicate with
  other application servers in the same R/3 System,
  with other R/3 Systems, with R/2 Systems, or with
  non-SAP systems.
• The Common Programming Interface - Communications
  (CPI-C) is a standard call interface for
  applications, which perform direct
  program-to-program communication.

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Types of work process

• Dialog Work Process
• Dialog work processes deal with requests from an
  active user to execute dialog steps.
• Update Work Process
• Update work processes execute database update
  requests. Update requests are part of an SAP LUW
  that bundle the database operations resulting
  from the dialog in a database LUW for processing
  in the background.
• Background Work Process
• Background work processes process programs that
  can be executed without user interaction
  (background jobs).

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Types of work process

• Enqueue Work Process
• The enqueue work process administers a lock table
  in the shared memory area. The lock table
  contains the logical database locks for the R/3
  System and is an important part of the SAP LUW
  concept. In an R/3 System, you may only have one
  lock table. You may therefore also only have one
  application server with enqueue work processes.
• Spool Work Process
• The spool work process passes sequential datasets
  to a printer or to optical archiving. Each
  application server may contain only one spool
  work process.

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Advantages of the Multi-tier Architecture

• The distribution of the R/3 software over three
  layers means that the system load is also
  distributed. This leads to better system
  performance.
• Since the database system contains all of the
  data for the entire R/3 System, it is subject to
  a very heavy load when the system is running. It
  is therefore a good idea not to run application
  programs on the same host. The architecture of
  the R/3 System, in which the application layer
  and database layer are separate, allows you to
  install them on separate hosts and let them
  communicate using the network.
• It also makes sense to separate program execution
  from the tasks of processing user input and
  formatting data output. This is made possible by
  separating the presentation layer and the
  application layer. SAPgui and the application
  servers are designed so that the minimum amount
  of data has to be transported between the two
  layers. This means that the presentation layer
  components can even be used on hosts that have
  slow connections to application servers a long
  way away.
• The system is highly scalable, due to the fact
  that the software components of an R/3 System can
  be distributed in almost any configuration across
  various hosts. This is particularly valuable in
  the application layer, where you can easily adapt
  your R/3 System to meet increasing demand by
  installing further application servers.