LED Lamps – What Are They?

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• LED Lamps What Are They?
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• LED lamps are light bulbs that use light-emitting
  diode technology. These lamps are far superior to
  incandescent, fluorescent, or halogen lamps in
  terms of lifespan and energy efficiency, which
  makes them a perfect retrofit. LED lamps are at
  full brightness the moment you switch them on,
  and do not flicker. LEDs produce directional
  light and not distributed light, so lamps are
  designed with specific beam angles, from which
  customers can select depending on application.
  High temperature has an effect on LED durability,
  so these lamps have heat dissipation elements
  like heat sinks and cooling fins - the more
  efficient the heat dissipation, the longer the
  lamp life.
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LEDs produce light in a narrow wavelength band,
which has a color characteristic based on the
energy band of the semiconductor from which the
LED is made. Tor produce white light from LEDs, a
blend of green, red, and blue LEDs may be needed,
or a phosphor can be used to convert light into
other colours.
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RGB or trichromatic white LEDs use multiple LED
chips to produce varied wavelengths that are
closest to emitting white light. Thus, each LED
can be modulated to adjust and change the overall
colour. The colour rendering index or CRI value
for LED lamps ranges from less than 70 to more
than 90, with higher index lamps displaying
colour more accurately. High CRI lamps are often
used in art galleries, retail, or food stores to
display paintings and products at their best.
LED lamps also come in a variety of colour
temperatures, from very warm white (2400K) up to
very cool white or daylight (7000K). Warm white
LEDs tend to be used in hospitality and domestic
applications where a warmer ambience is required.
Cooler LEDs tend to be used in more functional
applications, such as offices, or hospitals where
a crisper, whiter light is required for utility.
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LED lamps can be used for general or special
accent lighting. A diffuser or multiple LED lamps
with wider beam angles are used in applications
that do not require directional light and need
distribution of light in different directions.
Narrow beam angle lamps are used where particular
spaces or objects require accent lighting, in art
galleries for instance.   The use of white LED
lamps is widespread in applications where high
efficiency is required, due to their very low
energy consumption (up to 90 less than
traditional lighting). This includes general
lighting, or specific applications like
flashlights, solar lighting, or marine lighting.
Coloured or monochromatic LED lamps are also used
for traffic signals and in the strings of holiday
lights. An example of commercial and industrial
use of LED lamps includes Sentry Equipment
Corporation in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA, which
used LEDs to light its factory interiors and
exteriors in 2008. The upfront cost for switch to
LED was 3 times that of incandescent and
fluorescent lamps. However, the extra cost was
recovered in two years through energy savings,
and there is no need of replacement for 20 years.
Another example is iGate, an IT company in
Manapakkam, Chennai, India which made an
investment of US80,000 in LEDs in 2009 for its
57,000 sq ft office space. Return on investment
was made within 3 years, as total cost of
ownership reduced. By 2010, LED lighting went
mainstream in commercial and public applications.
It has also proven itself effective in outdoor
lighting and street lighting.
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In contrast to LED lamps, incandescent lamps
produce light by passing an electric current
through a resistive filament that heats the
filament to a high temperature that emits visible
light on a broad range of wavelengths. The light
source produces warm yellow or white light
depending on the temperature of the filament. 98
of the energy put into these types of lamps is
output as heat, so they are very inefficient
compared with LEDs. Though inexpensive, the
lifespan of these lamps is 750-1,000 hours.   In
further contrast to LEDs lamps, fluorescent lamps
are lit by electricity passing through
mercury-vapour which produces ultraviolet light
that is absorbed by a phosphor coating in the
lamp. These lamps in conventional form have
lifespans of about 6,000 to 30,000 hours.
However, its life depends on the on/off cycles.
Fluorescent lamps can take a while to warm up to
full brightness, and when close to failure can
flicker a lot. Furthermore they contain hazardous
chemicals such as mercury which is bad for the
environment, and requires special recycling
measures upon disposal. LED lighting can be
controlled using a variety of devices such as
dimmers, passive infrared sensors, photocells,
DMX controllers etc. This allows LEDs to deliver
a very flexible, customisable light that can be
tailored to a space and create specific ambience.
LED lamps are available in a variety of different
bases to match traditional lighting, such as E14,
E27, GU10, GU5.3, G4, G53 etc.
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The table below compares various different
lighting technologies, including LED to
illustrate overall cost of ownership to take into
account energy consumption, maintenance costs,
re-lamping costs etc. It is clear from this
analysis that LED lighting leads the way in terms
of cost saving and environmental friendliness.
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Novel Energy Lighting sells quality LED lamps
from reputable manufacturers like Philips and
Megaman which last longer and produce more
efficient light than incandescent or fluorescent
lamps. These energy-savers are great replacements
for those who are looking for cost savings and
fit-and-forget lighting solutions.  
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