Liver Cancer Surgery in India

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 Liver Cancer Care and Treatment in India
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Liver cancer or Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is
one of the commonest cancers in the world which
have a high incidence of Hepatitis B infection.
Apart from Hepatitis B, it may be caused by other
diseases that lead to cirrhosis of the liver such
as Hepatitis C infection, and alcohol abuse. 
Unfortunately, like many other cancers, liver
cancer may go undetected until a late stage. It
is often brought to attention by an ultrasound or
CT scan done for pain in the upper abdomen or
another unrelated symptom. Liver cancers are
malignant tumors that grow on the surface or
inside the liver.
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Typers of liver cancer are HepatocellularCarcinoma
,  Cholangiocarcinoma , Hepatoblastoma and
Angiosarcoma or Hemangiosarcoma

• The liver cancer symptoms are often indistinct
  Following are some indications of Liver cancer.
  The major symptoms are
• Abdominal pain or tenderness, especially in the
  upper-right part
• Weight loss and poor appetite
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Enlarged abdomen
• Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Ascites - an accumulation of fluid around the
  liver and intestine

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Diagnosis of Liver Cancer
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Although there are no standard or routine
screening tests for liver cancer, the following
tests are being used or studied to screen for
it Physical examination  Physical examination
may show an enlarged, tender liver. Also, your
skin and eyes may be checked for signs of
jaundice. Blood tests Physical examination may
show an enlarged, tender liver. Also, your skin
and eyes may be checked for signs of jaundice.
Imaging Studies like Abdominal CT scan and
Abdominal Ultrasound test Liver biopsy or
Aspiration. Liver enzymes (liver function
tests) PET Scan Bone Scan- to check if the cancer
has spread to the bones.
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The treatment options are dictated by the stage
of Liver Cancer and the overall condition of the
patient. The treatment to be given depends mainly
on the size, number, and site of tumors in the
liver. Before planning the appropriate treatment
the functioning of the Liver is checked as also
the spread of the cancer within and outside the
liver is to be tested. The Various treatment
options available are as follows Surgery
 Surgery is the removal of the tumor and
surrounding tissue during an operation. It is
likely to be the most successful disease-directed
treatment, particularly for patients with small
tumors. A surgical oncologist is a doctor who
specializes in treating cancer using surgery.
Treatment Options
Hepatectomy  When a portion of the liver is
removed, the surgery is called a Hepatectomy. A
Hepatectomy can be done only if the cancer is in
one part of the liver, and the liver is working
well. The remaining section of liver takes over
the functions of the entire liver and may regrow
to its normal size within a few weeks
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Liver Transplantation Liver transplant may be
the best option for some people with small liver
cancers. At this time, liver transplants are
reserved for those with small tumors (either 1
tumor smaller than 5 cm across or 2 to 3 tumors
no larger than 3 cm) that have not invaded nearby
blood vessels. In most cases, transplant is used
for tumors that cannot be totally removed, either
because of the location of the tumors or because
the liver is too diseased for the patient to
withstand removing part of it.
Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy is the use
of high-energy x-rays or other particles to kill
cancer cells. A doctor who specializes in giving
radiation therapy to treat cancer is called a
radiation oncologist. A radiation therapy regimen
(schedule) usually consists of a specific number
of treatments given over a set period of time.
External-beam radiation therapy is radiation
given from a machine outside the body. Targeted
Therapy Targeted therapy is a treatment that
targets the cancers specific genes, proteins, or
the tissue environment that contributes to cancer
growth and survival. This type of treatment
blocks the growth and spread of cancer cells
while limiting damage to normal cells. Recent
studies show that not all tumors have the same
targets. To find the most effective treatment,
your doctor may run tests to identify the genes,
proteins, and other factors in your tumor.
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